Lecture 6: Earth as a Planet 1.The Young Earth 2.Earth as a planet: interior 3.Plate tectonics 4.Atmosphere.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 6: Earth as a Planet 1.The Young Earth 2.Earth as a planet: interior 3.Plate tectonics 4.Atmosphere

News from Mars: Opportunity Mars Rover at Santa Maria Crater - Feb. 2011

News from Mars:

The Formation of the Earth Precise timeline of early events.

The Planets

Earth as a planet - interior

Earth interior - seismic waves

Earth interior - seismic surface waves

Earth as a planet - plate tectonics

Plate tectonics

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Earth - plate collision & subduction Kustowski et al.(2006) Evidence from seismic tomography for the subduction of the plate under Japan. Variations in shear-wave velocity, v S

Earth as a planet - plate tectonics

Earth as a planet - tectonics

The Terrestrial Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars

Mars as a planet - interior Earth

Mars as a planet - NO plate tectonics

Wyatt et al. [2004]; Data from Mars Odyssey THEMIS basalt dust “altered basalt” (smectite, palagonite, zeolites) Surface composition from thermal emission spectra Mars as a planet - the surface

Earth as a planet - atmosphere

Main points to take home: 1) Hadean Earth ( Myr): heavy bombardment epoch, outgassing, oceans 2)Earthquakes & seismic waves - interior map 3)Earth’s interior is differentiated - iron core 4)Plate tectonics - Earth’s crust is broken into plates; mantle convective currents cause these plates to move 5)Atmosphere - Earth had 3 types of atmospheres, in terms of composition; today’s is mostly N 2 (78%) and O 2 (21%).