Promoters Information about where to start transcription.

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Presentation transcript:

Promoters Information about where to start transcription

lac operon

E. Coli Promoters E. coli has five sigma factors: Sigma 70: Regulate expression of most genes. Sigma 32: Regulate expression of heat shock proteins. Sigma 28: Regulate expression of flagellar operon (involved in cell motion). Sigma 38: Regulate gene expression against external stresses. Sigma 54: Regulate gene expression for nitrogen metabolism.

lacZ operon promoter

Promoters tell which strand (hence, direction) to transcribe Note there are 6 possible Open Reading Frames (ORFs)

Universal (almost) code

Wobble pairing (I = Inosine)

Ribosome binding sites (sequences) tell ribosomes where to start translation. Consensus, not definite

Translation

Shine-Dalgarno Motif Ribosome binding site located about 13 bases upstream of AUG start codon SD sequence is: 5’-AGGAGGU-3’ Middle GGAG is more highly conserved Degree of match is positively correlated with translation rate