Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D. H UMAN P HYSIOLOGY PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University AN INTEGRATED APPROACH T H I R D E D I T I O N Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings About this Chapter What is physiology? A review of organ systems Evolution and integration from cell to human The concept of homeostasis is introduced Themes in Physiology The science of Physiology Experimental design Data
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Physiology defined: Function explains why it needs to be done Mechanism explains how it does that job Organization of life The cell is the unit of life Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems & organisms Levels of Organization Figure 1-1: Levels of organization and the related fields of study
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Immune Integumentary Musculoskeletal Nervous Reproductive Urinary Organ Systems In Review Figure 1-2: The integration between systems of the body
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structure and function Integration across Cells Tissues Organs Flow charts Follow process In sequence Concept Mapping
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept Mapping Figure 1-3: Maps for physiology
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Evolution of Physiological Systems Cell Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid Organism Protective cells Exchange cells External environment Homeostasis Defined Emergent properties Figure 1-4: The internal and external environments
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homeostasis & Controls External or internal change Loss of homeostasis Physiological attempt to correct Sensors, integrating center Response of cells & organs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homeostasis & Controls Successful compensation Homeostasis reestablished Failure to compensate Pathophysiology Illness Death Figure 1-5: Homeostasis
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Themes in Physiology Homeostasis Structure/function relationships Integration of systems Communication Membranes & exchange Energy Mass balance Mass flow & resistance Figure 1-7: Mass balance in the body
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Inquiry & Knowledge Observation & experimentation Hypothesis Variables Independent Dependant Controls Data Replication Theory Models
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Experiments Genetic variables Placebo effect Nocebo effect Ethics
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Formats of Experimental Design Crossover study Blind studies Double-blind studies Double-blind crossover studies
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Time Duration of Experiments Longitudinal studies Prospective studies Cross sectional studies Retrospective studies Meta-analysis
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Representing Data-Graphs X- axis Y- axis Line graph Bar graph Histogram Scatter plot Interpolation "Best Fit" line Figure 1-9
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Summary Organ systems Structures & functions The cell, the organism, the outside environment Homeostatic balancing Review of themes: communication, energy, membranes, body compartments, flow and balance Scientific inquiry- good science Experimental designs Representing the data