Lecture 3. Data Compression for Two Variables: Scatterplots, Cross- Tabulations, and Correlation David R. Merrell 90-786 Intermediate Empirical Methods.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 3. Data Compression for Two Variables: Scatterplots, Cross- Tabulations, and Correlation David R. Merrell Intermediate Empirical Methods for Public Policy and Management

Lecture 3: Agenda Review of Lecture 2 Cross-Tabulations Comparison Bar Charts Parallel Box Plots Scatterplots Correlation Coefficients

Review of Lecture 2 Mean or Median Models for Data

Mean or Median Complaints have reached the city manager that Tardy City is taking too long to pay its bills. Data are days taken to pay seven bills: Calculate the mean and median. What do you conclude?

Models for Data Data = Fit + Residual Fit as a Center Mean Median Mode Example: Number of Stat Courses Taken by Students in

Summary Statistics (Excel)

Summary Statistics (Minitab) Descriptive Statistics Variable N Mean Median Tr Mean StDev SE Mean C Variable Min Max Q1 Q3 C

Measures of Error

Data Compression for Two Variables...And More Two-Variable Description Cross-Tabulations Comparison Bar Charts Parallel Box Plots Scatterplots Scatterplot Matrix Correlation Coefficients

Two-Variable Description

Structure of a Cross-Tabulation

Street Repair Practices Study street repair practices of local government Cities and counties handle street repairs: using their own public employees exclusively by contracting out part of the work contracting out all the work

Table 1. Street Repair: Counts Type of Local Government Street Repair Practices by Type of Government: Public Employees and Contracting by Cities and Counties in the United States

Table 2. Street Repair: Percents Type of Local Government Street Repair Practices by Type of Government: Public Employees and Contracting by Cities and Counties in the United States

Educational Achievement Residents of Allegheny County that are in labor force Random sample survey of Allegheny County residents in labor force in 199? Variables: gender and highest educational achievement

Educational Achievement: Coding of Ordinal Variables 1 if grade 4 or less 2 if grades if grade 8 4 if high school incomplete (9-11) 5 if high school graduate (12) 6 if technical, trade, or business after high school 7 if college/ university incomplete 8 if college/university graduate or more

Educational Achievement Table

Bar Chart

Job Satisfaction and Income for Postal Employees

Five Number Summary Age of Allegheny County residents by location: individuals in labor force in 199?.

Parallel Box Plots o o o o The Mon ValleyPittsburgh Other

Scatterplots Creating via Excel ChartWizard Transformation of Variables Scatterplot Matrices

Scatterplot 1 Salary Years employed

Scatterplot 2 Salary Years employed

Scatterplot 3 Salary Years employed

Scatterplot Matrix

Correlation Coefficient, r

Properties of r

International Adoption Visas: 1991 vs 1988 r:/academic/90-786/ Chatterjee/ Adopt.dat

International Adoption Visas Country Etc.

Excel Calculation of r Use statistical function, correl Eliminate missing data values Identify X data Identify Y data Finish Value: r = (.88)

Minitab Calculation of r Correlations (Pearson) Correlation of log 1988 and log 1992 = 0.873

Next Time... Ethics and the Value of Data Social Value of Data Privacy Issues Confidentiality Applications in Health Care