Flow From a Faucet, Flushing a Service Line, 90 th Percentile Lead and Copper Rule, Copper Sulfate Application Rates in Waterworks Operation Math for Water Technology MTH 082 Lecture Chapter 8&15- Applied Math for Water Plant Operators Water Sources and Storage (Chapter 8 pg ) Laboratory Ch 15 (pg ); Hydraulics Chapter 7 Flow Rate- Basic science Concepts and Applications (pg )

Objectives 1.Flow from a faucet 2.Flushing a service line 3.90 th percentile Lead and Copper 4.Copper Sulfate Application 1.Flow from a faucet 2.Flushing a service line 3.90 th percentile Lead and Copper 4.Copper Sulfate Application Reading assignment: Chapter 8&15- Applied Math for Water Plant Operators Water Sources and Storage (Chapter 8 pg ) Laboratory Ch 15 (pg ); Hydraulics Chapter 7 Flow Rate- Basic science Concepts and Applications (pg ) Reading assignment: Chapter 8&15- Applied Math for Water Plant Operators Water Sources and Storage (Chapter 8 pg ) Laboratory Ch 15 (pg ); Hydraulics Chapter 7 Flow Rate- Basic science Concepts and Applications (pg )

Conventional Treatment Conventional Treatment – Where are these calculations applied in the big picture? 2. Flocculation 3. Sedimentation 4. Filtration 1. Coagulation Pretreatme nt Raw Water Rapid or flash Mixing Alum, polymer Rapid or flash Mixing Alum, polymer Slow Fast Sludge Washwater 5. Clear Well Disinfection 5. Clear Well Disinfection Distribution Clearwell Backwash pumps Clearwell Backwash pumps Chlorination Ozone UV Chlorination Ozone UV Copper Sulfate Application Faucet and Flushing 90 th Percentile Lead and Copper

Flow From a Faucet For small water systems: Record time it takes to fill a one gallon bucket Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Ideal flow rate is 0.5 gpm! For small water systems: Record time it takes to fill a one gallon bucket Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Ideal flow rate is 0.5 gpm! 0.5 gallons

The flow from a faucet filled up a 1 gallon container in 45 seconds. What was the gpm flow rate from the faucet? sec= 45 seconds = 45 sec/60sec/min=0.75 min Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Flow, gpm = Vol (gal) 0.75 (min) Flow, gpm = 1 (gal) 0.75 (min) Flow, gpm= 1.3 gpm sec= 45 seconds = 45 sec/60sec/min=0.75 min Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Flow, gpm = Vol (gal) 0.75 (min) Flow, gpm = 1 (gal) 0.75 (min) Flow, gpm= 1.3 gpm Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm

The flow from a faucet filled up a 1 gallon container in 52 seconds. What was the gpm flow rate from the faucet? sec= 52 seconds = 52 sec/60sec/min=0.87 min Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Flow, gpm = Vol (gal) 0.87 (min) Flow, gpm = 1 (gal) 0.87 (min) Flow, gpm= 1.1 gpm sec= 52 seconds = 52 sec/60sec/min=0.87 min Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Flow, gpm = Vol (gal) 0.87 (min) Flow, gpm = 1 (gal) 0.87 (min) Flow, gpm= 1.1 gpm Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm

The flow from a faucet filled up a 1 gallon container in 1 minute 12 seconds. What was the gpm flow rate from the faucet? sec= 12 seconds = 12 sec/60sec/min=0.2 min 1 minute min = 1.2 minutes Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Flow, gpm = Vol (gal) 1.2 (min) Flow, gpm = 1 (gal) 1.2 (min) Flow, gpm= 0.8 gpm sec= 12 seconds = 12 sec/60sec/min=0.2 min 1 minute min = 1.2 minutes Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) Flow, gpm = Vol (gal) 1.2 (min) Flow, gpm = 1 (gal) 1.2 (min) Flow, gpm= 0.8 gpm Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm

At a flow rate of 1.2 gpm, how long (minutes) should it take to fill a one gallon container? Flow = 1.2 gpm Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) 1.2 gpm = 1 (gal) X (min) 1.2 gpm (x min) = 1 (gal) Min X = 1 gal 1.2 gpm X= 0.8 min Flow = 1.2 gpm Flow, gpm= Volume (gal) Time (min) 1.2 gpm = 1 (gal) X (min) 1.2 gpm (x min) = 1 (gal) Min X = 1 gal 1.2 gpm X= 0.8 min Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: min min min min min min min min

Flushing a Line Flushing is considered adequate when the water in the service line has been replaced twice! Volume= (D)(D)(L) Conversion= (7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm Flow time, min = (D)(D)(L) (7.48 gal/ft 3 ) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm Don’t forget its twice the line! Flushing is considered adequate when the water in the service line has been replaced twice! Volume= (D)(D)(L) Conversion= (7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm Flow time, min = (D)(D)(L) (7.48 gal/ft 3 ) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm Don’t forget its twice the line! 2 X

How long (minutes) will it take to flush a 50 ft length of ¾ inch diameter service line if the flow through the line is 0.5 gpm? D= ¾ inch (1ft/12 inch) =0.06 ft; L= 50 ft; Rate=0.5 gpm A=0.785 (D)(D)(L)(7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm D= 0.75 in/12in/1ft=0.06 ft Flow= (0.06 ft)(0.06 ft)(50 ft)(7.48 gal/ft 3 )( 2 ) 0.5 gpm Flow = 4.2 min D= ¾ inch (1ft/12 inch) =0.06 ft; L= 50 ft; Rate=0.5 gpm A=0.785 (D)(D)(L)(7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm D= 0.75 in/12in/1ft=0.06 ft Flow= (0.06 ft)(0.06 ft)(50 ft)(7.48 gal/ft 3 )( 2 ) 0.5 gpm Flow = 4.2 min Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: min min min min min min min min

How long (minutes) will it take to flush a 40 ft length of ¾ inch diameter service line if the flow through the line is 0.7 gpm? D= ¾ inch, (1ft/12 inch) =0.06 ft;L= 40 ft; Rate=0.7 gpm A=0.785 (D)(D)(L)(7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm D= 0.75 in/12in/1ft=0.06 ft Flow= (0.06 ft)(0.06 ft)(40 ft)(7.48 gal/ft 3 )( 2 ) 0.7 gpm Flow = 2.4 min D= ¾ inch, (1ft/12 inch) =0.06 ft;L= 40 ft; Rate=0.7 gpm A=0.785 (D)(D)(L)(7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm D= 0.75 in/12in/1ft=0.06 ft Flow= (0.06 ft)(0.06 ft)(40 ft)(7.48 gal/ft 3 )( 2 ) 0.7 gpm Flow = 2.4 min Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: min min min min min min min min

At a flow rate of 0.5 gpm, how long (in minutes and seconds ) will it take to flush a 65 ft length ¾ inch diameter service? D= ¾ inch, (1ft/12 inch) =0.06 ft;L= 65ft; Rate=0.5 gpm A=0.785 (D)(D)(L)(7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm D= 0.75 in/12in/1ft=0.06 ft Flow= (0.06 ft)(0.06 ft)(65 ft)(7.48 gal/ft 3 )( 2 ) 0.5 gpm Flow = 5.5 min or 5 min and 30 sec D= ¾ inch, (1ft/12 inch) =0.06 ft;L= 65ft; Rate=0.5 gpm A=0.785 (D)(D)(L)(7.48 gal/ft 3 ) Flow time, min= Pipe Volume (gal) ( 2 ) Flow Rate, gpm D= 0.75 in/12in/1ft=0.06 ft Flow= (0.06 ft)(0.06 ft)(65 ft)(7.48 gal/ft 3 )( 2 ) 0.5 gpm Flow = 5.5 min or 5 min and 30 sec Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: 1.2 min, 74 sec 2.5 min, 5 seconds 3.91 min, 60 sec 4.5 min, 30 seconds 1.2 min, 74 sec 2.5 min, 5 seconds 3.91 min, 60 sec 4.5 min, 30 seconds

Lead mg/L is the Action Limit MCLG = 0 mg/L Health Effect Delays in physical or mental development Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities Source Corrosion of household plumbing systems Erosion of natural deposits Household dust containing lead from lead-based paint mg/L is the Action Limit MCLG = 0 mg/L Health Effect Delays in physical or mental development Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities Source Corrosion of household plumbing systems Erosion of natural deposits Household dust containing lead from lead-based paint

What are the MCLG and Action level for lead in drinking water? 1.15 ppb and 15 ppb 2.0 and 15 ppb 3.15 ppb and 50 ppb 4.10 ppb and 50 ppb 1.15 ppb and 15 ppb 2.0 and 15 ppb 3.15 ppb and 50 ppb 4.10 ppb and 50 ppb

The Lead and Copper Rule addresses which of the following items: 1.Requires water suppliers to use only lead pipes for water distribution 2.Establishes requirements for lead pipe replacement 3.Determines action levels for lead and copper in drinking water 4.Establishes a treatment technique including corrosion control 5.2, 3 and 4 1.Requires water suppliers to use only lead pipes for water distribution 2.Establishes requirements for lead pipe replacement 3.Determines action levels for lead and copper in drinking water 4.Establishes a treatment technique including corrosion control 5.2, 3 and 4

A system will be required to replace service lines made of lead (Pb) after what series of events - check all that apply. 1.System fails to meet the lead action level in tap samples after installing corrosion control. 2.System fails to meet the lead action level in tap samples after source water treatment. 3.Systems that fail to monitor for lead on a monthly basis. 4.Systems that have budgeted for service line replacement. 5.1 and 2 Only 1.System fails to meet the lead action level in tap samples after installing corrosion control. 2.System fails to meet the lead action level in tap samples after source water treatment. 3.Systems that fail to monitor for lead on a monthly basis. 4.Systems that have budgeted for service line replacement. 5.1 and 2 Only

Which of the following are potential problems associated with lead exposure in children? 1.Brain damage and lower intelligence 2.Behavior and learning problems 3.Aches or pains in stomach 4.All of the above 1.Brain damage and lower intelligence 2.Behavior and learning problems 3.Aches or pains in stomach 4.All of the above

A component of the 1986 SDWA amendments was to “GET THE LEAD OUT”? 1.True 2.False 1.True 2.False

What are some of the health effects of short term exposure to lead? 1.Causes excessively brittle bones 2.Delays in physical and mental development in babies and children 3.Causes kidney disease 4.There are no short term health effects 1.Causes excessively brittle bones 2.Delays in physical and mental development in babies and children 3.Causes kidney disease 4.There are no short term health effects

According to the Lead and Copper Rule, the action for the 90th percentile lead level is: mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

Copper 1.3 mg/L is the MCL Health Effect Copper is an essential nutrient, required by the body in very small amounts. Short periods of exposure can cause gastrointestinal disturbance, including nausea and vomiting. Long periods of exposure liver or kidney damage Source Corrosion of copper plumbing Erosion of natural deposits Copper mining and smelting operations 1.3 mg/L is the MCL Health Effect Copper is an essential nutrient, required by the body in very small amounts. Short periods of exposure can cause gastrointestinal disturbance, including nausea and vomiting. Long periods of exposure liver or kidney damage Source Corrosion of copper plumbing Erosion of natural deposits Copper mining and smelting operations

90 th percentile Lead and Copper The action level for lead is mg/L and 1.3 mg/L copper? Given the following data for lead concentrations find the 90 th percentile and determine if the utility has to proceed with a corrosion control program: mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L The action level for lead is mg/L and 1.3 mg/L copper? Given the following data for lead concentrations find the 90 th percentile and determine if the utility has to proceed with a corrosion control program: mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

90 th percentile Lead and Copper Line em up from largest at the top to smallest at the bottom. The action level for lead is mg/L Line em up from largest at the top to smallest at the bottom. The action level for lead is mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 90 th percentile is mg/L So it exceeds the Action Limit of mg/L Corrosion control needed!! 90 th percentile is mg/L So it exceeds the Action Limit of mg/L Corrosion control needed!!

90 th percentile Lead and Copper The action level for lead is mg/L and 1.3 mg/L copper? Given the following data for copper concentrations find the 90 th percentile and determine if the utility has to proceed with a corrosion control program: mg/L mg/L 0.92 mg/L 0.87 mg/L 0.85 mg/L 0.83 mg/L 0.82 mg/L 0.80 mg/L 0.79 mg/L 0.78 mg/L The action level for lead is mg/L and 1.3 mg/L copper? Given the following data for copper concentrations find the 90 th percentile and determine if the utility has to proceed with a corrosion control program: mg/L mg/L 0.92 mg/L 0.87 mg/L 0.85 mg/L 0.83 mg/L 0.82 mg/L 0.80 mg/L 0.79 mg/L 0.78 mg/L

90 th percentile Lead and Copper Line em up from largest at the top to smallest at the bottom. The action level for copper is 1.3 mg/L 90 th percentile is mg/L So it is less then the Action Limit of 1.3 mg/L No corrosion control needed! 90 th percentile is mg/L So it is less then the Action Limit of 1.3 mg/L No corrosion control needed! mg/L mg/L 0.92 mg/L 0.87 mg/L 0.85 mg/L 0.83 mg/L 0.82 mg/L 0.80 mg/L 0.79 mg/L 0.78 mg/L mg/L mg/L 0.92 mg/L 0.87 mg/L 0.85 mg/L 0.83 mg/L 0.82 mg/L 0.80 mg/L 0.79 mg/L 0.78 mg/L

Copper Sulfate Application Copper Sulfate pentahydrate (spray or drag a bag): CuSO 4 * 5H 2 O For algae control in a small lake, a dosage of 0.5 mg/L copper is desired. Copper Sulfate, lbs= (mg/L Cu)(vol, MG)(8.34 lb/gal) % available Cu 100 Desired Dose= Actual Dose 5.4 lbs CuSO 4 /1 ac = x lbs CUSO 4 / Actual area, ac Copper Sulfate pentahydrate (spray or drag a bag): CuSO 4 * 5H 2 O For algae control in a small lake, a dosage of 0.5 mg/L copper is desired. Copper Sulfate, lbs= (mg/L Cu)(vol, MG)(8.34 lb/gal) % available Cu 100 Desired Dose= Actual Dose 5.4 lbs CuSO 4 /1 ac = x lbs CUSO 4 / Actual area, ac

For algae control in a small lake, a dosage of 0.5 mg/L copper is desired. The lake has a volume of 20 MG. How many lbs of copper sulfate pentahydrate will be required? (Copper sulfate pentahydrate contains 25% available copper?) Mg/L= 0.5; V=20 MG, 25% or 25/100 or.25% Cu Copper Sulfate, lbs= (mg/L Cu)(vol, MG)(8.34 lb/gal) % available Cu 100 Copper Sulfate, lbs= (0.5 mg/L Cu)(20 MG)(8.34 lb/gal) 25 % available Cu 100 Copper Sulfate, lbs= 334 lbs CUSO 4 Mg/L= 0.5; V=20 MG, 25% or 25/100 or.25% Cu Copper Sulfate, lbs= (mg/L Cu)(vol, MG)(8.34 lb/gal) % available Cu 100 Copper Sulfate, lbs= (0.5 mg/L Cu)(20 MG)(8.34 lb/gal) 25 % available Cu 100 Copper Sulfate, lbs= 334 lbs CUSO 4 Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: lbs 2.40 lbs lbs 4.42 lbs lbs 2.40 lbs lbs 4.42 lbs

Lake Oswego has a surface area of 415 acres. If the desired copper sulfate dose is 5.4 lbs/ac, how many lbs of copper sulfate are required? Desired 5.4 lbs/acre, Area 415 acres, Actual? Desired Dose= Actual Dose 5.4 lbs CuSO 4 = x lbs CUSO 4 1 ac Actual area, ac 5.4 lbs CuSO 4 = x lbs CUSO 4 1 ac 415 ac 2241 lbs CuSO 4 Desired 5.4 lbs/acre, Area 415 acres, Actual? Desired Dose= Actual Dose 5.4 lbs CuSO 4 = x lbs CUSO 4 1 ac Actual area, ac 5.4 lbs CuSO 4 = x lbs CUSO 4 1 ac 415 ac 2241 lbs CuSO 4 Given Formula Solve: Given Formula Solve: lbs lbs lbs 4.2 lbs lbs lbs lbs 4.2 lbs

Today’s objective: Flow From a Faucet, Flushing a Service Line, 90 th Percentile Lead and Copper Rule, Copper Sulfate Application Rates in Waterworks Operation has been met? 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree