Essay You have to write a word essay –The length must be within these limits You must write it alone –Each student’s report must be completely unique; no sharing or copying is allowed –You can use books from the library and websites to help you –But you must not just copy from the books and websites The essay is due on 25 th June

Your own ideas You can use quotations from other people to support your arguments You must think of your own ideas too –Give the two sides of your question –Use your own ideas AND other people’s ideas to reach YOUR conclusion about your topic

Essay planning You need to look at some essay writing advice websites this week. One recommendation is s/essay.htm (look at planning now) s/essay.htm ***Ignore websites that offer to write your essay for money.***

Essay researching You need to start the research for your essay this week. You can find some helpful hints at /researching_faq.htm /researching_faq.htm

Use a search engine to find information on the web But you must not *ONLY* use the Internet for your research You can use the library for –Books –Academic online databases When searching, try –xyz article –xyz site:edu (in Google) –xyz bibliography –“books about xyz” Search and

Starting your essay research You must go to the library! All the books about your major are in one place, so start there. mhttp://lib1.lib.mcu.edu.tw/spydus_eng/wsearch.ht m Newspapers, journals Web –Search engines –Wikipedia (but not only Wikipedia!) Keep a record of –Book title, author, date, publisher, publication city –Website name, URL, author, date visited –Newspaper/journal name, author, article title etc. You need this information for your bibliography, so don’t lose it!

Journals A lot of journals are available in the MCU library –Both in Chinese and English Some are kept on the library shelves Others can be accessed from the computers on the second floor in the library –Or you can set up your computer from home

Start a bibliography: homework for next week Decide what topic you’ll write about –Syntax? Morphology? What is language? Semantics? Pragmatics? –I’ll give out the exact questions later Twenty bibliographic items Write your bibliography in Harvard format At least half from printed materials (books and articles) –Not just all from the web!

References for your essay Harvard style with a Chinese example – 2.htmhttp:// 2.htm Everything has an author, a title, a date The author’s name goes first (family name first) Websites have a URL and a title Articles have a title and a newpaper or journal title Everything (except a website) has a publisher and city

References Author’s surname comes first Alphabetical order please Everything you consult and mention in your essay must be in your bibliography Nothing except what you consult and mention must be in your bibliography You must actually read your references (the relevant part) Read textbooks first, then articles Don’t try to read articles which are too difficult

Reading and references You should have Yule in your references There are suggestions for further reading in Yule: use them! These references will have further references in them… and so on and so on By Friday: –Choose a title –Or, choose a specific area (for example: lexical relations, not just semantics) –Or, give a general area like semantics and I’ll choose for you (for a lower grade!)

Quotations Indirect quotations –Jones (1999:123) believes [claims, says…] that most Taiwanese students… Direct quotations –According to Jones (1999:123), “most Taiwanese students…” – Jones (1999) writes “most Taiwanese students…”

Chinese You can cite works in any language (as long as you understand it!) In your reference section, give the English name if the publication has one –If not, give it in Chinese and translate the name yourself Give indirect quotations in English Give direct quotations in Chinese, and provide an English translation.

Your own work If you use someone else’s work, you must show it is not your idea –You must cite the work Direct quotations (English or Chinese) –Maximum: one sentence –DO NOT take something from the web and copy it –DO NOT translate a whole paragraph from Chinese (not even if you are the author)

Your own ideas You can use quotations from other people to support your arguments You must think of your own ideas too –Give the two sides of your question –Use your own ideas AND other people’s ideas to reach YOUR conclusion about your topic

Planning your essay There should be three main sections –What are they? – say.htm#4http:// say.htm#4 What should you say in the Introduction to your essay (in general terms)? –You might like to check this outthis