MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION
Invasion Appeared suddenly in 1223, attacked in south then disappeared Reappeared in 1237, attacking Riazan from north Sacked Kiev in 1240 : Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Who were the Mongols? Mostly Tatars from Central Asia Consolidate empire & expanded under Chingis Khan Sacked Kiev in 1240 : Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule Mongol overlordship Russian princes invested by Khan, paid tribute Appanage period Individual territorial rule Rise to prominence of: Galicia & Volynia (southeast) Rostov, Suzdal, Vladimir (northeast) Novgorod (north)
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule Population shift moved west & northeast linguistic/ethnic differentiation Russian Ukrainian Belorussian
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule Internal division & weakness External aggression & conquest west & southwest fell to Lithuanians, then Poles north subject to German (Teutonic), Swedish, Norwegian, Lithuanian attacks Relative isolation & loss of international importance
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Social Structure Continuity & change Princes Clergy & Boyars: now with votchina Freeservants (liudi) Traders, merchants, artisans Peasants Slaves (kholopy)
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture Mongols interfered little with Russian life But many consider it dark period education/literacy declined decline of towns meant urban culture deteriorated poverty & political disunity Some advancements & achievements occurred despite difficulties
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture Literature Written works diminished Oral tradition continued, but not on same level as Kievan
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture Art Icon painting flourished & developed Andrei Rublev The Trinity - Rublev Archangel Michael - Rublev The Redeemer - Rublev
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture Art Icon painting flourished & developed Andrei Rublev Theophanes (late 14 th – early 15 th c.) The Dormition - Theophanes Our Lady of the Don - Theophanes
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture Art Icon painting flourished & developed Andrei Rublev (c ) Theophanes (late 14 th – early 15 th c.) Dionysius (c ) John the Baptist - Dionysius The Crucifixion - Dionysius
MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture Architecture Considered one of glories of period Most structures made of wood