Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology.

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Presentation transcript:

Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology

The main players:  Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov ( ) Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov  John Broadus Watson ( ) John Broadus Watson  B.F. Skinner ( ) B.F. Skinner

Who influenced Pavlov?  The physiological work of William Beaumont ( ) William Beaumont  An expanded concept of reflex to explain higher functions of thinking, willing, judging -pioneered by Sechenov ( ) Sechenov  The ideas of Descartes ( ) about reflexes Descartes

Pavlov’s work:  Work on the digestive system. Nobel price in 1904  Notices “mental secretions” -anticipated responses of the animals becoming familiar to the setting.  Studied these “mental secretions” -they become what we know as “conditioned reflex”.

Important concepts Pavlov brought us  The whole notion of conditioned reflex  Concepts of generalization, differentiation, excitation, inhibition, higher level conditioning  Concept of experimental neurosis

Pavlov today? Visit the Pavlov Institute of Physiology in RussiaPavlov Institute of Physiology

Who influenced Watson?  Reacts against Wundt and James -and their followers such as John Dewey  Infuenced by Loeb (tropisms) and Henry Donaldson (white rat neurology) -studied the myelinization of white rat nervous system & consequent changes in the complexity of their behavior.  Pavlov

Watson’s main contributions  Official founder of behaviorism as an independent and valid approach to psychology  Is a radical behaviorist  Introduces the notion of conditioned emotional response (little Albert)  Three emotions: fear, rage, love -all emotional life built on those  Applies this to advertising

B. F. Skinner Who influenced him?  Bertrand Russel’s (a British philosopher) discussion of J. B. Watson’s book on behaviorism. (Then, Watson himself)  H.G. Wells article on G. Bernard Shaw and Pavlov (Then Pavlov himself)

What were Skinner’s main contributions ? contributions  Developed the Skinner box as a way to study operant behavior.  Important concepts: operant conditioning, reinforcement, contingencies of reinforcement, reinforcement schedules, discrimination learning, programmed instruction.  Developed the social implications of his theory.

A Skinner page by undergraduate students  sych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/Skinner/h ammondk/ sych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/Skinner/h ammondk/

The End