Bipolar Junction Transistors EE314. Chapter 13: Bipolar Junction Transistors 1.History of BJT 2.First BJT 3.Basic symbols and features 4.A little bit.

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Bipolar Junction Transistors EE314

Chapter 13: Bipolar Junction Transistors 1.History of BJT 2.First BJT 3.Basic symbols and features 4.A little bit of physics… 5.Currents in BJT’ 6.Basic configurations 7.Characteristics

Current Flow in BJT pnp BJT 1.Injected h + current from E to B 2. e - injected across the forward-biased EB junction (current from B to E) 3. e - supplied by the B contact for recombination with h + (recombination current) 4. h + reaching the reverse-biased C junction 5,6.Thermally generated e - & h + making up the reverse saturation current of the C junction iEiE -i B -i C -V CE

Now, you can try… npn BJT

BJTs – Basic configurations

npn BJTs – Operation Modes Forward & reverse polarized pn junctions Different operation modes:

npn BJTs – Operation Modes When there is no I B current almost no I C flows When I B current flows, I C can flow The device is then a current controlled current device Operational modes can be defined based on V BE and V BC

BJT-Basic operation npn BJTpnp BJT (n + ), (p + ) – heavy doped regions; Doping in E>B>C

Operation mode: v BE is forward & v BC is reverse The Shockley equation I ES –saturation I ( A); V T =kT/q -thermal V (26meV) D – diffusion coefficient [cm 2 /s]  – carrier mobility [cm 2 /Vs] The Kirchhoff’s laws It is true regardless of the bias conditions of the junction Useful parameter the common-emitter current gain for ideal BJT  is infinite BJTs – Current & Voltage Relationships Einstein relation

Useful parameter the common-base current gain for typical BJT  is ~0.99 The Shockley equation once more If we define the scale current A little bit of math… search for i B Finally… BJTs – Current & Voltage Relationships

BJTs – Characteristics Schematic Common-Emitter Input Output V BC V BE If V CE < V BE the B-C junction is forward bias and I C decreases Remember V BE has to be greater than V Example 13.1

BJTs – Load line analysis Common-Emitter Amplifier Input loop if i B =0if v BE =0 smaller v in (t)

BJTs – Load line analysis Output loop Common-Emitter Amplifier Example 13.2

Circuit with BJTs Our approach: Operating point - dc operating point Analysis of the signals - the signals to be amplified Circuit is divided into: model for large-signal dc analysis of BJT circuit bias circuits for BJT amplifier small-signal models used to analyze circuits for signals being amplified Remember !