Introduction to Greek and Roman History

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Introduction to Greek and Roman History Lecture 12 i. The Punic Wars and the development of Roman warfare ii. Mistress or master? Roman imperialism and Hellenisation

The Samnite Wars, 341-291

Tomb of L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus:CIL 1. 6-7 Tomb of L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus:CIL 1.6-7. COS 298BC Victor of Volterra(3rd Samnite War), Great Grandfather of Scipio Africanus

REWRITING HISTORY… HISTORY FROM SQUARE BRACKETS: Original inscription (shaded part) was erased (Line 1-2) and replaced with an ornate Saturnian verse (ca. 240-200), perhaps as family prestige grew… L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, son of Gnaeus,a brave man and prudent, whose looks were equal to his valor; he was consul, censor, aedile, among you; he took Taurasia And Cisauna in Samnium; he subdues Lucania and took hostages.

Tomb of the Scipios, on the Via Appia, completed mid-2nd cBC

Sulcus primigenius: Foundation of a colony Aquileia Sulcus primigenius: Foundation of a colony

Aquileia: Founded late 3rd c. BC (after Gallic invasion) Sulcus primigenius: Foundation of a colony

282: Rome, Thurii, Tarentum and Pyrrhus

Tarentum, Dorian columns

Tarentum, Apulian crater

Tarentum, Apulian jewelery

Tarentum, Apulian jewelery

Pyrrhus

Pyrrhus

Pyrrhus’ Italian campaigns, 280-275

Appius Claudius Caecus: Temple of Bellona, 296

This Inscription, CIL XI This Inscription, CIL XI. 1827 which should date to the construction of the Road, has been recarved, probably during the Imperial Period.

Appius Claudius Caecus, son of Gaius, Censor, COS II, dictator, inter rex, praetor, aed, etc. military tribune…captured amny towns routedd the Samnite, Sabine, & Etruscan forces, he opposed peace w/ king Pyrrhus, and as Censor, laid down the Appian way, brought water into the city and set up the Temple Of Bellona.

Milestone CIL 1. 638 from Polla (Lucania) mid 2nd c. BC Lettering: Old P Organisation of the text :(no indentations) Spelling ‘fecei’ ‘‘fecit” Ironically, the name (suggest Appius Claudius Pulcher) does not survive. * Text is an odd combination of a milestone (functional) &elogium (honorary)

Via Appia

264: Rome vs. Carthage

264: Rome vs. Carthage

Roman “Corvus” described in Polybius 1.22

264-241: First Punic War 242/240

G. Duilius’ dedication of booty at the Rostra. CIL 6. 1300. ca. 260 BC G. Duilius’ dedication of booty at the Rostra. CIL 6.1300. ca. 260 BC. Recarved in the Early Imperial Period As Consul, he (Duilius) freed the people of Segesta, allies of the Roman People, from the Carthaginian’s seige, and all the Carthaginian army highest official (Hamilcar Barca)…he was the first consul to wage war at sea (successfully), prepare naval forces and warships, with which he defeated the Carthaginian forces, capturing their crews: one septireme, 30 quinqueremes & triremes and sank 13.’ The money he brought back = over 3,000,000 asses.

218-201: Second Punic War

Rome at the Start of the Second Punic War: CIL I Rome at the Start of the Second Punic War: CIL I. 603: Dedication to Hercules by M. Minucius 217 BC (Statue base: two footholes). ‘To sacred Hercules M. Minucius, son of Gaius, dictator, vowed (this). Was Minucius ever a dictator? Polybius III. 103 says, perhaps; Livy 22. 25.1 & Plutarch Fabius, 9.3; 10.1 say he had ‘power equal to a dictator.’ Not the same thing. Does an inscription provide definite proof?

Polybius "The outer ranks were continually struck down and survivors forced to huddle together, they were finally killed where they stood' Livy: “No other nation in the world could have suffered so tremendous a series of disasters and not have been overwhelmed”.”

Battle at Zama: Starting line-up

Bronze statue of Publius Cornelius Scipio

The case of Quintus Flamininus

The case of Quintus Flamininus Golden stater: R/ Head of Flamininus, V/ Victory

The case of Quintus Flamininus Coin of Perseus from Delphi Coin of T. Quintilius Flaminius

Bronze Decree of L. Aemilius Paullus (CIL. 1. 614) Frees slaves in Hasta Regia (near Gades) Spain and gives them land.

L. Aemilius Paullus’ Victory Monument At Delphi 167 BC CIL 1.622 L. AIMILIUS.L.F. INPERATOR.DE REGE. PERSE MACEDONIBUS. CEPET.