Exploiting the Semantic Web: Next Generation Semantic Web Applications in KMi Watson, PowerMagpie, PowerAqua, … Mathieu d’Aquin Laurian Gridinoc Vanessa Lopez The Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University

The Semantic Web is growing… Lee, J., Goodwin, R. (2004) The Semantic Webscape: a View of the Semantic Web. IBM Research Report.

… really growing

Ontologies Metadata Elementaries - The Watson Blog "Oh dear! Where the Semantic Web is going to go now?" -- imaginary user 23 en Watson team Thu, 01 Mar :49:52 GMT Pebble ( … Elementaries - The Watson Blog "Oh dear! Where the Semantic Web is going to go now?" -- imaginary user 23 en Watson team Thu, 01 Mar :49:52 GMT Pebble ( … Zen wisteria Mathieu d'Aquin … Zen wisteria Mathieu d'Aquin … <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype=" >The Knoledge Media Institute of the Open University, Milton Keynes UK … <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype=" >The Knoledge Media Institute of the Open University, Milton Keynes UK … DOAP FOAF DC RSS TAP WORDNET NCI Galen Music … … … … … … UoD

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications

NG SW ApplicationSemantic WebSmart Features Able to exploit the SW at large –Dynamically retrieving the relevant semantic resources –Combining several, heterogeneous Ontologies

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications Need for a Gateway to the Semantic Web

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications

Architecture Keyword Search SPARQL Query Crawling Parsing (Jena) Validation/ Analysis Indexing RepositoryURLsMetadataIndexes populates used extracted retrieved Ontology Exploration queries request WWWWWW discovered CollectingAnalyzing Querying

Design Principles  Focused quality – Provides quality information about the collected ontologies and semantic data – Provides valuable services for semantic applications, to discover, select, exploit and combine semantic resources  Provides a variety of query and access mechanisms – For both humans (web interface) and machines (web serv., API) – To fit applications having different purposes and requirements – Ranging from Keyword search to ontology exploration and formal queries (SPARQL)  Support for relations between ontologies – Detecting redundancy, duplication, incompatibility (contradiction), modularization, versioning, etc.

Interfaces: WUI Web User Interface:

Collection

Applications Existing next generation semantic web applications based on Watson: –PowerAqua, question answering –PowerMagpie, semantic browsing –Folksonomie enrichment –Scarlet, relation discovery, ontology matching –Ontology building –…

PowerAqua Bridge the gap between the user and the Semantic Web: - Provide the user the capability to query the SW using Natural Language. Dynamically select and combine info drawn from the vast amount of heterogeneous semantic data to answer a user’s query.

PowerAqua 1. NL Question 2. Linguistic interpretation 3. Ontology based interpretation 4. Answer

Magpie Ontology concepts Instances highlighted according to their type Contextual access to web services

PowerMagpie Key terms Ontologies and semantic entities retrieved from Watson Metadata about the ontologies

PowerMagpie Semantic entities in relation with the text from Watson Semantic definition of the entities in the ontologies

PowerMagpie Watson (ontology selection) Watson (ontology selection) Google (term frequency) Google (term frequency) PowerMagpie Server (term ranking, term to ontological entity) PowerMagpie Server (term ranking, term to ontological entity) Google APIWatson API Javascript enabled Web Browser Javascript enabled Web Browser PowerMagpie Interface (visualization, interaction, navigation) client server external services AJAX SOAP

Folksonomy enrichment Tags {camera, digital slr, photograph} {damage, flooding, hurricane, katrina, Louisiana} Clusters Digital SLR cameraphotograph takenWith Ontologies NLP/Clustering Find and combine Online ontologies +modularizaton +matching +modularizaton +matching Discovering relations between tags

Folksonomy enrichment Discovering relations between tags Example of result.

Ontology Matching ka2.rdf Researcher AcademicStaff Semantic Web Researcher AcademicStaff ISWC SWRC Ham SeaFood Semantic Web Ham SeaFood Meat SeaFood Agrovoc NALT pizza-to-go wine.owl NALT

Ontology Building

Next Generation Semantic Web Applications

Take Home Message Next Generation Semantic Web applications dynamically exploit the semantic information available on the Web Watson is an infrastructure that supports the development of such applications We are already building this next generation of semantic Web applications, allowing –question answering (PowerAqua), –semantic browsing (PowerMagpie), –semantic tagging, etc. using the semantic web at large.

Thank you! Watson: PowerMagpie: PowerAqua: a/, a/

Step 1: Linguistic Analysis -“Show me all cities of Spain” -> Step 2: Identify the set of relevant ontologies - Based on PowerMap: A run time knowledge matcher to produce semantically sound mappings across ontologies and domains. I.e. through Watson it searches for approximate mappings by using lexically related words obtained from WordNet and background ontologies. Then, the candidate mappings are semantically enriched by using a similarity measure based in WordNet to obtain its sense. Step 3: The triple similarity services analyzes the linguistic information and the ontology semantics (relationship and taxonomy) to return a small set of ontologies (represented as ontological triples) that jointly covers the user query.