Topic 2 The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its potential impact on individuals, communities and countries Slide 2.1

Assessment Task 1 Individuals and organisations and individuals in my community, region, or country who are helping to reduce the transmission of HIV Slide 2.2

A person is said to have AIDS when Their immune system is damaged by a virus called HIV and their body cannot fight certain diseases tuberculosis types of pneumonia cancers These are called opportunistic infections You can get very sick and can die Slide 2.3

The immune system is... Slide 2.4

A = Acquired I D = Immunodeficiency S=Syndrome Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Slide 2.5

AIDS is caused by infection with the virus called HIV H=Human I=Immnodeficiency V=Virus Slide 2.6

The main ways that HIV is transmitted from person to person is by People engaging in certain types of sexual activity with an infected person People using needles and syringes that have already been used by an infected person People receiving blood from an infected person An infected woman passing on the infection during pregnancy or when breastfeeding Slide 2.7

Stages of HIV infection If you were infected with HIV today The HIV starts to reproduce inside you You could feel a little bit sick in a few weeks or a few months. Or you could feel very well You can be well for many years. In 4-5 years or maybe years you could sick enough to be said to have AIDS. HIV is not AIDS Slide 2.8

People may not know that they have HIV Slide 2.9

You cannot tell just by looking at someone if they have HIV or not Slide 2.10

There is no cure!! Slide 2.11

You want to avoid being infected with HIV because.... Slide 2.12

Global Summary of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic (December 2006) People living with HIV/AIDS 39.5 million (34.1 – 47.1 million) People newly infected with HIV in million (3.6 – 6.6 million) AIDS deaths in million ( million) Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). Global summary of AIDS epidemic update : Website address: Slide 2.13a

South and South East Asia Total with HIV = 7.8 million Over 860,000 people acquired HIV in ,000 people died of AIDS in 2006 In majority of countries the prevalence among adults is <1% Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : Website address: / / Slide 2.13b

China Xinjiang Yunnan, and Sichuan Provinces have serious HIV epidemics, prevalence rates amongst IDUs exceeding 50% Cambodia HIV prevalence has remained stable at about 3% since late 1990’s however there are growing concerns about HIV due to sexual transmission. Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : Website address: Slide 2.13c

Vietnam In the north-east states, as well as in major cities injecting drug use is evident in several Vietnamese cities. Large proportions of male injecting drug users engage in unprotected sex, including paid sex (40% in Bac Ninh province in the north of Viet Nam, for example) (Schumacher et al., 2006). Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : Website address: Slide 2.13d

By limiting the spread of HIV among IDUS, we can help protect anyone they have sex with, and then anyone they have sex with. By helping to limit the spread of HIV, we can help protect our sons and daughters, and all children. Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : Website address: Slide 2.13e

Myanmar Has little time to lose IDU and sex workers are responsible for most of the transmission of HIV Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : Website address: Slide 2.13f

Assessment Task 2 Knowledge Test Slide 2.14

Guest speaker Slide 2.15

Activity What is the impact on your community and country of people being infected with HIV? What will be the impact on your country of increasing numbers of people becoming infected? Slide 2.16

Key points HIV is on the increase There are large numbers of men, women, and children infected People can have HIV and feel and look well HIV is easily spread by some activities HIV is bad for the person infected, bad for their families, and bad for the country The spread of HIV and hence the amount of harm to the country can be reduced We need to reach everyone, especially Injecting Drugs Users, and help them reduce their chances of being infected Slide 2.17