© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ z/VM Module 3: Control Program (CP)

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Objectives  Describe the Control Program (CP) and how it works with z/VM  Explain why CP is known as a real-machine resource manager  Explain how CP and the Virtual Machine environment work together  List and explain the three types of virtual machines  Describe the two types of preferred virtual machines according to storage

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Objectives continued  Describe how CP commands are used and structured  Explain what is meant by truncation and abbreviation  Explain the importance of the VM Dump Tool and VM Virtual LANs  Describe some important hardware facilities that are supported by the Control Program:  FSDM  Cryptographic Facility  Additional Hardware Architectures and Facilities  List and describe the important and most useful CP commands

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Control Program (CP)  It provides each user with an individual working virtual machine environment  Every virtual machine is a functional equivalent of a real system, sharing:  Processor functions  Storage  Console  I/O device resources  It provides connectivity support to exchange information and access resources

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Real-Machine Resource Manager  CP is a real-machine resource manager  Handles real machine hardware interrupts and all intercepts  Schedules certain real I/O operations  Manages: –Real storage –Expanded storage –Auxiliary storage  CP is the only way to communicate with the real resources on your virtual machine

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Read/Punch/Print

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Cross-System Extension (CSE)  Allows multiple systems to be coupled together in a complex that provides CSE  Cross-system link extends the existing CP minidisk access protocols

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ CSE Capabilities

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Overview of Setting up a CSE Complex 1.Provide the hardware connections between the processors 2.Install the IBM VM/Pass-Through Facility licensed program 3.Configure z/VM and the supporting programs with the information they need to run the CSE complex

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Using CSE as a Hot Backup

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Inter-System Facility for Communications  Inter-System Facility for Communications (ISFC) is a function of CP  It enables communications between programs written to:  APPC/VM  Communication Services (CS), which is a group of interconnected VM systems that uses ISFC to communicate with each other  IUCV programming interfaces

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ The Three Types of Virtual Machines  The three types of VMs are defined by their storage configurations  V=R –CP provides performance benefits for the VM and it must begin at location 0  V=F –Also provides performance benefits but does not have to start at location 0  V=V –It does not map the host storage; it pages guest real storage into and out of the host real storage

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Real Storage in z/VM

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Real Storage in z/VM cont.

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Preferred Virtual Machines  V=R & V=F Similarities  Store information in the real location  Are mapped into contiguous real storage  Can have dedicated real processors  Have similar I/O interpretations and simulation for shared devices  V=R & V=F Differences  V=F can have more than one virtual machine running, while V=R can only run one virtual machine  V=F does not start at absolute zero  V=R must start at absolute 0  V=R has better performance because it does less table translation than V=F

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Using CP Commands  z/VM uses the CP command language to configure, tune and manipulate resources  To control the resources of the real machine –Processors –I/O devices –Networking devices  To control your virtual machine’s configuration and environment

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ CP Structure  z/VM’s CP command lines contain a command name and a positional operand  Command names are: –Alphanumeric and less than 12 characters long –Verbs that describe the function  Operands are: –Keywords and symbols 8 characters or less in length –Not required on some commands

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ CP Command Truncations and Abbreviations  Truncations:  Shorter form created by dropping one or more letters from the end of the command or operand  The uppercase letters in the syntax diagram must remain, but lowercase letters can be omitted  For the QUERY command we could use: Query  Full name que  Truncation q  Shortest truncation  Abbreviations:  Shorter form of command names  They appear below the full name of the command in the syntax diagram  Operand abbreviations are displayed in the operand description  For the MESSAGE command we could use: Message  Full Name Msg  Abbreviation

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ CP Control Tools: VM Guest LAN  Virtual Adapters  Simulated by a NIC, such as HiperSockets and OSA-Express devices  Can be operated by a guest using the same software that would be used to control the equivalent hardware  Connectivity for Virtual Adapters  Enables VM users to connect virtual network adapters to an emulated LAN  When connected to this virtual LAN, users can communicate over a physical LAN segment

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ CP Control Tools: VM Dump Tool

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Data Mover Facilities  Fast Synchronous Data Mover (FSDM):  Implemented on the G5/G6 models and later processors  Can be used with Hiperpools  Exploited by DB2 to meet increasing demand for improvements on expanded storage price and performance

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Cryptographic Facility  Supported by CP  An effective means of protecting data in computers and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure  Involves two types of cryptographic transformation:  Plaintext into ciphertext (encryption)  Ciphertext into plaintext (decryption)  Includes two additional cryptographic processor enhancements:  PCI Cryptographic Accelerator  PCI Cryptographic Coprocessor

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Other CP-Supported Hardware Architectures and Facilities  Additional hardware architectures:  IEEE Floating Point Hardware on IBM zSeries  FCP (Fibre Channel Protocol) hardware channel  Additional facilities:  Queued-Direct I/O Facility  Concurrent Sense Facility –ESCON –FICON

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ CP Commands

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Privilege Class Revisited

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ ATTACH

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ ATTACH

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ ATTACH – Usage Notes  Usage Notes:  All DASDs connected to a paging director must be attached to the same user ID  If you attach two DASDs to different users and they are connected in a paging director you will receive an error message  If you log on after the device has been attached, you gain access to the disk  Messages provided by the CP tell you whether devices were successfully attached or if certain devices were not ready and online

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ DEFINE  The DEFINE command can change your system configuration and allows you to add new commands and setups to your system  Usage Notes:  You can suppress messages from this command by entering  SET IMSG OFF  Using the DEFINE command to alter the configuration of your virtual machine is temporary. Your configuration returns to its original state at the end of the session  Using the DEFINE command for I/O configuration is also temporary, unless you update you I/O configuration program file to make the changes permanent

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ DEDICATE

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ DEDICATE – Usage Notes  Defaults for DEDICATE are: –CPU ALL –User ID of the V=R machine  If there are more virtual processors then real processors, the lowest virtual addresses are dedicated first.  Order is not important for CPU and USER.  It is possible to have your dedicated processor become undedicated when some commands are issued after DEDICATE. This can be avoided if you enable automatic dedication.

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ INDICATE  For privilege Class G, it displays:  Recent contention for system resources  Environment characteristics of your virtual machine  Measurements of resources used by your virtual machine  For privilege Class E (sometimes B or C) it displays:  Detailed information on the use of system resources  The status of currently active virtual machines  Environment characteristics and measurements of resources used by any virtual machine

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ MESSAGE  The MESSAGE command:  Transmits messages to the virtual console of other active users  Has the format  Message userid messtosend  Usage Notes:  Messaging length in the CP environment is limited by the input area of the terminal  The SET MSG OFF command suppresses messages  Messages are displayed only when the display device is ready to receive output  If MSG ALL AT ALL is entered in a CSE, every user in every system receives the message

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ VARY (Real Device)

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ VARY – Usage Notes  Usage Notes:  If you specify a list of devices, the summary at the end will list the devices that were varied online or offline  If your devices were varied online, but a success status does not appear and no errors occurred, use the FORCE operand to bring them online  The test operand provides the ability to use VARY for a device that would not normally be allowed by CP

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Conclusion  CP manages the resources of a single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist  CSE and ISFC help CP work with other virtual machines to create an interconnected environment  Virtual Machines can be set up to run in many different environments, such as V=V, V=R, and V=F  CP-supported facilities show how z/VM can be modified and extended by the CP commands

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Glossary Cross System Extensions (CSE)- allows users in up to four interconnected VM systems to participate in a multi-system environment. Inter-System Facility for Communications (ISFC)- provides communications facilities between transaction programs on interconnected z/VM systems. Programmed Operator Facility (PROP)- allows remote control of a virtual machine, enabling limited automation of routine operator activities

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Glossary Dynamic Paging Area (DPA)- part of the real storage that CP uses for virtual machine pages. Operands- keywords and symbols that affect command functions. Command names- verbs that describe command functions. In z/VM, they are alphanumeric and less than 12 characters long. Truncations- shorter forms constructed by dropping one or more letters from the end of a command or operand name Abbreviations- short versions of command names

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Glossary Asynchronous Data Mover Facility (ADMF)- can offload page move activity onto the I/O processor, freeing the instruction processor Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)- a chip technology used almost universally for processors today Cryptography- an effective means of protecting data in computers and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure ESCON- a set of products and services that use optical fiber technology and dynamically modifiable switches called ESCON Directors

© 2004 IBM Corporation IBM ^ Glossary Fiber optic cables- reduce cable bulk, allowing for an increase in the amount of distance between processors and attached devices, and improved data transfer rates FICON- a fiber optic I/O architecture that coexists with and exploits existing ESCON equipment and infrastructure, but offers improved link performance and enhanced distance connectivity Fast Synchronous Data Mover (FSDM)- replaces ADMF on the G5/G6 and all later processors