Ch 4 – Emotions and Stress Part 1: Feb 6, 2007

Influence of Emotions Emotion – overt reactions that express feelings. 4 properties: –1. Emotions have an object – related to event –2. Six universal categories of emotions: what are they? –3. Expression is universal –4. Cultural influence on emotion display

Brief History of Emotions in OB For years, org research dominated by rational-cognitive models –Motivation theories –Job satisfaction evaluations –Simon (1976) viewed emotional aspects of org behavior as ‘irrational’ Recent interest in moods & emotions –Stimulated by social psy (Isen – early 90’s) –Current view ?

Emotions v Moods Emotions are distinct from moods What is the distinction? Both appear to influence job perf: how?

Org Control of Emotions Orgs often assume that rationality must be preserved & emotions controlled –Ashforth & Humphrey (’95) – 4 types of org control behaviors for emotion regulation: 1. Neutralizing – 2. Buffering – 3. Prescribing – 4. Normalizing – Sept 11 th examples from Driver (2003) study

Unanswered Questions Beginning to distinguish job sat, emotions, & moods’ influences on perf, but…what are some remaining Qs?

Managing Emotion In addition to research on emot intell, new research on emotional dissonance: –Situation where you’re required to display emotions on the job inconsistent with your true emotions –Can occur in at least 3 ways: how? –Due to expectations of your role –Cognitive & physiological effort involved is referred to as ‘emotional labor’ –Related to stress

(cont.) In emot labor area, Morris & Feldman distinguish: – ‘surface acting’ – ‘deep acting ‘ –Some researchers suggest coping w/this by depersonalizing the situation Cultural differences in emotional labor? Differential effects of SA & DA on burnout

Socialization & Hazing New research on organizational bullying, hazing newcomers… Hazing new employees –McDonald’s example –Power Company example –Most likely in blue-collar jobs requiring teamwork Why is it done?

Psychological Contract Employees’ beliefs about terms of an exchange relationship betw org and ee. Types of contracts – –Transactional –Relational Which type of contract violation is worse for employees’ mental health?

Psychological Contract Changes over time – now emerging psych contract of ‘employability’ –What is it? How has this affected ees?

Contingent Work Along w/change in psych contract is increase in contingent work: –Job in which person: doesn’t have contract for long-term employment or… one where # hours worked can vary in a nonsystematic way –World’s largest employer is Manpower, Inc. (temp services)

Contingent Work (cont.) Types of contingent workers: –2/3rds want perm employment, but have low skills examples? –Increasing group of ‘free agents’ –Last group is ‘transients’

Contingent Work Outcomes Not a clear picture of their satisfaction –May depend on needs/preferences –More likely to have transactional contracts? –Complaints about being treated differently from perm workers (non-tenure track profs) Benefits to organizations?