Survey Research How Can I Obtain a Sample? What are Common Problems with Sampling? How Do I Write Survey Questions? What are Common Problems With Survey Wording? What are Response Sets?

How Can I Obtain a Sample? Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling Cluster Sampling Convenience Sampling Quota Sampling Snowball Sampling

What Are Common Problems With Sampling Methods? Low Response Rate Selection Bias Response Bias/ “volunteer problem”

How Do I Write Survey Questions? Closed-Ended Questions – multiple choice – true/false – Likert-type scale – graphic scale Open-Ended Questions

Common Wording Problems Barnum statements Double-barreled questions Leading questions Loaded questions

What Are Response Sets? social desirability – Use equally desirable/undesirable choices – Use a “lie scale” central tendency bias – Use an even number of items on response scale

What Are Response Sets? response acquiescence – Reverse wording on some questions response deviation – Reverse wording on some questions