Mapping our World Chap. 2 Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2 Remote Sensing 2.3

Latitude and Longitude – 2.1 Objectives Compare & contrast latitude & longitude Describe how time zones vary

Cartography Science of mapmaking

Locating objects on a sphere

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude (Lat = fLat) These lines are horizontal and tell how far North or South an object is

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude Equator drawn at center

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole

http://www.lakelandsd.com

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole

Practice Problem 1 The Earth’s circumference is about 40 000 km. There are 360º in a circle. What is the distance between degrees? 40 000 km

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole Each latitude line is 111km

Locating objects on a sphere Latitude Equator drawn at center Lines are parallel 90º N is at the north pole Each latitude line is 111km Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds. 1 º = 60’ 1’ = 60”

Locating objects on a sphere Longitude These are ‘long’. They go up and down and tell how far East or West an object is

Locating objects on a sphere Longitude Travel through the poles

Locating objects on a sphere Longitude Travel through the poles They are NOT parallel

Locating objects on a sphere Longitude Travel through the poles They are NOT parallel The prime meridian is 0º longitude and goes through Greenwich, England

Locating objects on a sphere Longitude Travel through the poles They are NOT parallel The prime meridian is 0º longitude and goes through Greenwich, England On the opposite side of the globe the prime meridian is the International date line.

Practice Problem 2 What is the distance between longitude degrees?

Time Zones

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones

Practice Problem 3 How many degrees for each time zone? (Remember there is a total of 360º)

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted The International Date line marks a division between

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted The International Date line marks a division between When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar day

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 zones The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted The International Date line marks a division between When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar day When you cross this East you move the calendar back a day

The End

Types of Maps – 2.2 Objectives Compare and contrast different map projections Analyze topographic maps Describe map characteristics, such as map scales and legends

Types of Maps Mercator Projections

Types of Maps Mercator Projections Map with parallel lines of latitude and longitude It distorts shapes

Mercator Projection

Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections

Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections Made by projecting points and lines onto a cone Some object not distorted

Conic Projection

Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections Gnomonic Projections Made by projecting points and lines to paper that touches globe at single point

Types of Maps Mercator Projections Conic Projections Gnomonic Projections Made by projecting points and lines to paper that touches globe at single point Useful for navigation

Gnomonic Projection

Types of Maps Topographic Maps

Types of Maps Topographic Maps Contour lines 900 Drawn through places at the same elevation

Types of Maps Topographic Maps Contour lines Index contours 900 Labeled contour lines.

Types of Maps Topographic Maps Contour lines Index contours Depression contour lines have hachures

Other features Map Legends Gives names of map features

Other features Map Legends Map Scales Tells ratio of map distances to real distances

Practice Problem 4 What is the distance from Buffalo to Albany?

The End

Remote Sensing – 2.3 Objectives Compare & contrast the different forms of radiation in the EM spectrum Describe how satellites and sonar are used to map Earth’s surface Describe the Global Positioning System

On-site observations You go to the location you want to map

On-site observations Remote sensing

On-site observations Remote sensing Satellites are often used

On-site observations Remote sensing Satellites are often used The electromagnetic spectrum is used, too

Electromagnetic Spectrum Long waves Short waves Radio waves Infra-red Ultra-violet Gamma rays Micro-waves Visible X-rays

Satellites

Satellites Landsat Satellites

Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light

Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light measures light radiated by Earth’s surface

Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light measures light radiated by Earth’s surface useful for comparisons of landforms over time

Satellites Landsat Satellites uses visible and infrared light measures light radiated by Earth’s surface useful for comparisons of landforms over time images

Black Hills Fire - 2000

Mississippi Delta

New Orleans – before & after

Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite

Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves

Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floor

Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floor studies tides and currents

Satellites Topex/Poseidon Satellite uses high frequency radio waves looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floor studies tides and currents images

Southeastern US

Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS)

Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS) 24 satellites working together

Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS) 24 satellites working together uses microwaves

Satellites Global Positioning System (GPS) 24 satellites working together uses microwaves used primarily for navigation

Ship based technology Sea Beam

Ship based technology Sea Beam uses sonar

Ship based technology Sea Beam uses sonar maps the ocean floor