Dietary Fiber and Formulation of a High Fiber Cookie Aaron Brown Isabel Mearig Margaret Wilson FSHN 381 Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Hawaii at Manoa

What is dietary Fiber? Commonly called roughage Indigestible portions of plant foods Similar to starch in structure (polysaccharides) Don’t usually provide energy to our bodies

2 Types of Dietary Fiber Insoluble –Does not dissolve in water Soluble –Dissolves in water –Gels

Soluble Fiber Found in… –In the pulp of fruits and some vegetables –Whole grains –Nuts –Beans and Peas Health Effects –May lower cholesterol –May reduce the risk of Coronary Heart disease –Increases satiety –May regulate blood sugar

Insoluble Fiber Found in… –The skin of fruits and root vegetables –Seeds and Nuts –Dark leafy greens –Wheat Oat Health Benefits –Promotes regular bowel movement and prevents constipation

Fiber Recommendations The RDA for dietary fiber is 25 g per day. To meet these requirements its is recommended to consume: 5 servings of fruits and vegetables 6 servings of grain products (3 whole grain) Examples: A medium apple: 4.5 g of fiber A slice of wheat bread 1 g of fiber

Possible Fiber Complications Laxative effects Bloating Gas Cramps Constipation (only when not drinking enough water)

Questions

Bamboo Fiber Vanilla Walnut Cookies

Purpose of experiment To make a high fiber cookie using bamboo fiber, adding at least 2.5g of fiber per cookie With acceptable sensor characteristics; Good flavor Texture Mouth feel

JustFiber® Bamboo Fiber Made from the stem of bamboo Pure (99%) Insoluble Vegetable fiber Fine White Powder (like corn starch) Zero Calorie Odorless Tasteless

JustFiber® Bamboo Fiber Used to increase fiber content of foods Binds up to 10x its weight in water Improves mouth-feel (creates smoother texture) Acts as an anti-caking agent Reduces breakage in baked products Helps to reduce staling

Our Recipe 94 g All-Purpose Flour 50 g White Granulated Sugar 47 g Brown Sugar 1 g Baking Powder 1.5 g Salt 60 g Butter 29 g Walnuts 23 g Egg 4 g Vanilla Extract 59 g All-Purpose Flour 35 g Bamboo Fiber 50 g White Granulated Sugar 47 g Brown Sugar 1 g Baking Powder 1.5 g Salt 60 g Butter 29 g Walnuts 23 g Egg 4 g Vanilla Extract 30g of Skim Milk

Experiment Adding fiber to the cookies made them too dry. We added liquid in the form of egg whites and the cookies were rubbery and cake- like. We added liquid in the form of skim milk and the cookies had a better texture and flavor.

About Our Cookies They are “high fiber”. They contain just over 2.5 g of fiber apiece or 5 g of fiber per serving (a serving is 2 cookies). This is 20% of the recommendation for fiber. They are a convenient way to supplement your daily fiber!

Serving Size 2 cookies (40g)

Conclusions It is a very good fiber to be use in bake products Working with bamboo fiber was relatively simple It provides good texture and taste It is a good way to meet our fiber requirements