Ralph Santitoro Director of Carrier Ethernet Market Development April 1, 2010 Connection-Oriented Ethernet A No-Nonsense Overview

Contents Brief overview of Carrier Ethernet Service Constructs Different Implementations of Carrier Ethernet COE Defined 6 Attributes of COE COE Applications using Packet Optical Networking Platforms © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) - FAQs What is COE ? An industry term that defines a point-to-point implementation of Carrier Ethernet What’s the difference between COE and Carrier Ethernet ? COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet Are COE implementations based on industry standards ? Yes. Implementations utilize MEF, IEEE, IETF and ITU-T standards plus value added enhancements where standards are lacking Fujitsu implementation branded as “Ethernet Tag Switching” What networking technologies can be used to implement COE? COE can be implemented using Ethernet or MPLS technologies © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Ethernet Service Demarcation Ethernet User-to-Network Interface (UNI) Physical Interface and Service demarcation between: Retail End-User (Buyer) Service Provider (Seller) Ethernet External Network-to-Network Interface (ENNI) Physical Interface and Service demarcation between: Service Provider Buyer Wholesale Service Provider Seller UNIs and ENNIs provide delineation between responsibilities of the buyer and seller of a service © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Ethernet Service Constructs Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) Logical association between two or more UNIs Retail (end-user) service construct Operator Virtual Connection (OVC) Logical association between either: UNI and ENNI ENNI and ENNI Wholesale (service provider) service construct EVCs describe Virtual Connectivity for Retail services OVCs describe Virtual Connectivity for Wholesale services © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Putting it all together UNIs at Subscriber Locations ENNIs between Wholesale Access Provider and Wholesale Transport Provider Wholesale Transport Provider and Retail Service Provider OVCs between Subscriber UNI and Wholesale Access Provider ENNI Wholesale Transport Provider ENNIs Retail Service Provider ENNI and Subscriber UNI EVC between Subscriber UNIs ENNI Wholesale Access Provider ENNIWholesale Transport Provider Retail Service Provider UNI OVC 1 OVC 2 OVC 3 EVC EVC Subscriber 6 © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved.Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) and Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) Different Implementations of Carrier Ethernet

Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) When most think of Ethernet, they think of Ethernet LANs Technically referred to as Connectionless Ethernet Single User per Ethernet Interface Network is inside a building CLE is also used in Carrier Networks Subscriber sites connect to an Ethernet UNI Multiple Users per Ethernet Interface Network is across a wide area MP2MP EVC in Carrier Network UNI LAN © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Connectionless Ethernet limiting factors in Carrier Ethernet networks Non-Deterministic QoS and Traffic Patterns Traffic path highly variable due to spanning tree topology changes Creates variable QoS performance (Delay, Delay Variation, Loss) Difficult to troubleshoot variable traffic paths Inconsistent Bandwidth for Subscribers Ethernet MAC Address learning performed periodically through broadcasting of unknown address to all ports (called flooding) Flooding takes away from revenue-generating bandwidth Difficult to Guarantee Bandwidth (Traffic Engineering) Multiple ingress and egress points in the network Difficult to provide High Network Availability Spanning Tree variants cannot meet demanding service requirements CLE requires technology augmentation to make it “Carrier Grade” © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) The best of both worlds Ethernet over SONET Deterministic and precision QoS Bandwidth reserved per STS % Availability Highest Security (L1 service) Ethernet over SONET Deterministic and precision QoS Bandwidth reserved per STS % Availability Highest Security (L1 service) Connectionless Ethernet Layer 2 Aggregation Statistical Multiplexing Flexible Bandwidth Granularity Cost Effectiveness Connectionless Ethernet Layer 2 Aggregation Statistical Multiplexing Flexible Bandwidth Granularity Cost Effectiveness Connection-Oriented Ethernet COE makes Ethernet simpler (like a Layer 1 service) but with all the benefits of Layer 2 Ethernet © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Implicit data path Connectionless Ethernet Connection-Oriented Ethernet Defined Carrier Ethernet with Traffic Engineering EVC 1 EVC 2 EVC 3 Deterministic performance Connection- Oriented Ethernet Per-flow TE EVC 1 EVC 2 EVC 3 Statistical performance ? Connectionless Ethernet Aggregation Explicit data path Connection- Oriented Ethernet ? EVC 1.Ethernet frames take predetermined path  Provisioned by management system 2.Each Flow is Traffic Engineered  Bandwidth Reserved per Flow © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview EVC

COE Supported Network Topologies for MEF EPL and EVPL Services Ring Hub & Spoke Linear COE supports many topologies used with popular Ethernet services Mesh © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Why COE ? Makes Ethernet more like SONET which dominates metro networks today Network operations procedures similar to SONET Smoother transition for SONET-trained operations personnel Highly scalable packet-centric technology Meets large scale metro connectivity and aggregation requirements COE delivered over: SONET/SDH, PDH, OTN, WDM, Fiber (native Ethernet) Ideally suited for: Metro Ethernet Aggregation for handoff to IP service edge networks Mobile Backhaul Networks Commercial Business Services Ethernet Private Lines (EPL) Ethernet Internet Access Layer 2 VPNs (EVPL) © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Different approaches to COE MPLS-centric COE (Standards under development) Proposed usage for interconnection of P/PE routers in inter-metro core Ethernet-centric COE (Standards complete) Now being deployed in metro networks MPLS-centric COE Static PWT-MPLSMPLS-TP Eth MPLS LSP PW Ethernet MPLS Pseudowire (PW) MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) Ethernet Eth Ethernet Tag Switching PBT Ethernet-centric COE S-VLAN or PBB-TE Ethernet-centric implementations simplify OAM&P Only 1 layer to manage: Ethernet PBB-TE © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Connection-oriented Ethernet Attributes

COE Ecosystem Attributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet Reliability / Availability G ms EVC Protection 802.3ad UNI & ENNI Protection Ethernet OAM 802.3ah Link Fault Management802.3ah Link Fault Management Y.1731 Service Fault ManagementY.1731 Service Fault Management Scalability Layer 2 AggregationLayer 2 Aggregation Statistical MultiplexingStatistical Multiplexing Tag Swapping/ReuseTag Swapping/Reuse Deterministic QoS Lowest Delay, Delay Variation, Loss Bandwidth Resource Reservation Connection Admission Control COEAttributes Standardized Services MEF 6.1 Service DefinitionsMEF 6.1 Service Definitions MEF 10.2 Service AttributesMEF 10.2 Service Attributes Security No Bridging: MAC DoS attacks mitigatedNo Bridging: MAC DoS attacks mitigated Completely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilitiesCompletely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilities © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Standardized Services COE supports MEF Services using Point-to-Point EVCs Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) Ethernet Private Line (EPL) COE supports MEF Point-to-Point OVCs Wholesale Ethernet Access Services COE supports the MEF UNI and ENNI service attributes UNI Attributes in MEF 10.1 ENNI and OVC Attributes in MEF 26 COE Supports the Standard MEF Services and Service Building Blocks © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Management System COE provides deterministic QoS Committed Information Rate (CIR) reserved for each EVC Bandwidth reserved at each ingress and egress port throughout network using Connection Admission Control (CAC) For Working and Protect Paths for a given EVC COE CAC assures requisite bandwidth is reserved EVC is traffic engineered to achieve QoS Performance Objectives Working Path Protect Path Bandwidth Reserved End-to-End EVC © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

COE over SONET using VCG Sharing More Bandwidth Efficient than Ethernet over SONET Ethernet over SONET (EoS) Challenges EoS doesn’t support aggregation EoS is a port-based service Ethernet switch added for aggregation EoS service bandwidth dictated by SONET EoS bandwidth in 50Mbps STS increments Other bandwidth rates waste SONET bandwidth COE over SONET with VCG Sharing COE supports service aggregation COE aggregates services on same SONET VCG SONET MSPP Eth MSPP Eth MSPP Eth MSPP PERouter © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview COE over SONET PERouter PONP Eth PONP Eth PONP Eth PONP 50Mbps 20Mbps 10Mbps 50Mbps 20Mbps 30Mbps wasted SONET VCG COE over SONET with VCG Sharing Improves SONET bandwidth utilization

COE Security: Comparable to SONET Management VLANs isolated from Subscriber traffic similar to DCN isolation from subscriber traffic in SONET networks COE doesn’t use MAC Address Learning / Flooding like CLE MAC Address spoofing cannot occur MAC table overflow DOS attacks cannot occur COE doesn’t use vulnerable Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CPs) like CLE’s Spanning Tree Protocol-based vulnerabilities (DoS/DDoS attacks) are mitigated COE doesn’t use bridging protocols so ports cannot be mirrored Traffic snooping cannot occur COE provides security comparable to Layer 1 (EoSONET) but with no SONET bandwidth utilization issues © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Ethernet OAM for COE ENNI-N UNI-C IEEE 802.1ag End-to-End Connectivity Fault Management ITU-T Y.1731 End-to-End Performance Monitoring ENNI-N Network Domain 1 Network Domain 2 UNI-N Link OAM Service OAM IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM Link OAM Link OAM © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview UNI-C

COE Fault Management Comparison with SONET EVC 1 EVC 2 EVC 3 Tunnel OAM EVC 1, 2 and 3 Link OAM Link Service OAM FLASHWAVE CDS FLASHWAVE CDS FLASHWAVE CDS Standard Fault Management Comparable to SONET ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1agTunnel LayerSTS Path / VCG ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1agService (EVC) LayerVT1.5 or STS Path IEEE 802.3ahLink (physical) LayerSONET Line FLASHWAVE CDS COE leverages the complete set of Ethernet OAM standards © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

COE Provides Sub-50ms Ethernet Path G.8031 Linear Path Protection Standard Continuity Check Messages (heartbeats) Monitor EVC health If CCMs not received from Working Path due to EVC failure Network Element switches to Protect Path Working and Protect Path traffic engineered to meet EVC performance and bandwidth requirements Link Failure 50ms SONET-like protection using Ethernet-based mechanisms Working Path Protect Path Working Path Failover Protect Path © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Achieving Highest Reliability Fujitsu Packet Optical Networking Platforms with COE Link Protection using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation For local diversity and protection for UNIs and NNIs Link Aggregation across different cards in a network element In-Service Software Upgrades Network continues to operate as new software is tested and deployed Equipment Protection Redundant switch fabric, control processors, etc. EVC and OVC Path Protection Path diversity with sub-50ms path protection using ITU-T G.8031 Similar to SONET UPSR path protection (Working path and Protect path) Bottom Line: No single point of failure © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

COE Applications using Packet Optical Networking Platforms (PONP)

Site-to-Cloud COE EVPL UNIs End User(s) UNI Metro Network ENNI Retail Service Provider Partner network Site-to-Cloud COE EVPL IP Service Networks Site-to-Site COE EVPL COE for Commercial Business Ethernet Services COE-based Ethernet Service Retail EVPL Services Site-to-Cloud Service COE between End User IP Service Networks Site-to-Site Service COE between End Users Wholesale Ethernet Access Service Site-to-Cloud Service COE between: End User Retail Service Provider Partner Packet-Optical Networking Platforms (PONP) with COE deliver retail and wholesale Ethernet services with SONET-like reliability and security PONP © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Mobile Backhaul Evolution From SONET to Ethernet using COE FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over SONET to increase bandwidth efficiency FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over SONET to increase bandwidth efficiency FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected Cell tower  MSC Packet-Optical Networking Platforms (PONP) with COE facilitate MBH network migration of multi-generation 2G/3G/LTE services µPacket ONP Ethernet COE TDM EoF 2G/3G 3G/LTE T1s SONET Packet ONP at MSC PONP at Cell Site SONET Ethernet COE TDM 2G/3G 3G/LTE T1s Packet ONP (PONP) at MSC PONP at Cell Site © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview 2G/3G 3G/LTE PMO: SONET T1s MSPP at MSC TDM SONET MSPP at Cell Site Ethernet EoS

Why Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul ? Meets MBH functional requirements set forth by SONET Deterministic performance Service OAM Guaranteed bandwidth Highest network availability Simpler Network OAM – just one Ethernet layer to manage Consistent with existing SONET-based network operations No IP knowledge required Simpler to learn by SONET transport staff Provisioning model similar to SONET COE meets the high performance demands of mobile backhaul networks © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

DSL Backhaul Evolution From ATM/SONET to Ethernet using COE FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over SONET to increase bandwidth efficiency FMO Step 1: Add PONP using COE over SONET to increase bandwidth efficiency FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) network Existing services unaffected OSP Cabinet  CO Packet-Optical Networking Platforms (PONP) with COE facilitate DSL-Backhaul migration from Legacy ATM to IP DSLAMs µPacket ONP Ethernet COE TDM EoF DS3/OC3 SONET Packet ONP at CO PONP at OSP SONET Ethernet COE TDM DS3/OC3 Packet ONP (PONP) at CO PONP at OSP © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview ATM DSLAM IP DSLAM ATM DSLAM IP DSPLAM PMO: SONET DS3/OC3 MSPP at CO TDM SONET MSPP at OSP Ethernet EoS ATM DSLAM IP DSPLAM

Summary Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) Is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet Supports Standard MEF EVPL, EPL and Ethernet access to IP services Provides Layer 1 SONET-like Security benefits COE over SONET on Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking Platforms Significantly improves bandwidth utilization over existing SONET networks For more information on Connection-Oriented Ethernet and Fujitsu’s FLASHWAVE Packet Optical Networking Solutions, visit us.Fujitsu.com/Telecom © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Connection-Oriented Ethernet: A No-Nonsense Overview

Questions ? Questions ?