Agenda: preparation of the regional experiment in May – June 2005: Monday – CNRM 14 h 00 – 18 h00 1.Objectives of the regional experiment based on mesoscale modelling and past experiments: Dolman, Noilhan, Hutges, Gerbig 2.Field campaign in the Toulouse area during may-june, 2005 for CO2 (Dedieu) and micro-wave remote sensing (Calvet) 3.The may- june 2005 campaign: an overview, org. Aspects (Durand), flux stations (Brunet), CO2 concentration (Ramonet, Gerbig), aircraft operation:Piper Aztec (Monjauze), SA (Migglieta-Magliulo) Diner at Bibent restaurant – place du Capitole – 20 h00 Tuesday – Visit to the sites 8h00: Rendez – vous WILSON square Morning: visit to the forest site – the Bray tower Lunch: near the Saucats airport (a small airport near the central site where the Sky Arrows could be based) Afternoon: visit to the Bilos site and to the proposed central site for BL monitoring Back to Toulouse around 20 h00 Piper- Aztec flights (morning and afternoon) with 4 scientists to overfly the experimental area Wednesday, – CNRM 9h00-12h00 1.General debriefing 2.Organisation aspect of the field campaign: agenda, white book, logistics, 3.The regional data base organized by Medias

Carboeurope objectives in the first phase : To develop direct and inverse modelling of CO2 at the mesoscale, tested with the RECAB campaign To achieve a comprehensive data set for testing/validating regional scale models in the ‘Hapex-Mobilhy’ area To develop a experimental strategy to observe a year round carbon balance of a region (second phase) CNRM objectives and responsabilities: 1.To develop a mesoscale modelling with MesoNH coupled to ISBA – A – gs 2.To coordinate the experimental planning, the data consolidation and the management of the may – june regional experiment: Les landes forest and the Toulouse area. 3.To participate to the may – june campaign with surface stations, RS, radar UHF and the Piper Aztec equiped with CO/CO2 analyzers

A summary of CNRM modelling work : 1.Developpement of a coupling between the atmospheric mesoscale model MesoNH and the ISBA – A – gs land surface scheme with CO2 processes 2.1D single column tests with the RECAB data set: calibration and validation versus flux (H, LE, Fco2) and vertical profile of T, q and CO2 (z) 3.Implementation of the coupled model at the mesoscale for the RECAB and COCA experiments: initialisation from ECMWF (surface and atmospherix fields) and from Ecoclimap data base, no CO2 advection, no fossil emission 4.Simulation of a RECAB (July 27) and COCA (June 2001) golden days with CO2 and spatial resolution of  10 km. 5.Preparation of biophysical fields and atmospheric forcing for the Adour – Garonne for long term modelling of the CO2 slow cycle (Carboeurope Second phase) 6.Definition of the CarboEurope regional data base with Medias (J. Boichard)

1D single column simulation of CO2 with the MesoNH- Isba-A-gs model tested with the Cabauw data, during Recab (C. Sarrat) Rn H LE Flux CO2 [CO2] [CO2 (z)] Temp. Pot.

RECAB : 3-D MODELING RECAB Golden day : 27 th of july km Resolution Initialisation and boundary forcing from ECMWF analysis CO 2 initialisation with a homogeneous vertical profile Boundary conditions with a CO 2 gradient = 0 Next modelling step:  increase resolution (grid nesting mode 6 – 2 km)  Introduce the surface fossil emission from Stuttgart  Test the advection of CO2 from LMD – Z inverse modelling at large scale (LSCE)  Run a long enough period,

RECAB : CO 2 Concentrations 12 H 22 H 18 H

Comparisons Observations - Simulations

Main modelling results and requirements for a regional experiment Where are we? Development of a coupling surface – atmosphere at regional scale for the CO2 exchanges Surface flux stations proved necessary for additional calibration of the photosynthesis module Lessons from RECAB and COCA experiments (preliminar): Not enough validation data on the vertical structure of the ABL (no RS, profilers,…) Not enough validation data on CO2 fluxes and concentration in and above the ABL No control of advection of CO2 at the boundary of the domains Requirement for a regional experiment:. To consider a number of contrasted situations. To monitor the surface fluxes for a number of representative land cover types (forest, crops,town,…). To monitor the BL development: daily cycle (transition stable/unstable BL). To control CO2 advection within and above the boundary layer. To monitor CO2 continuously at tall towers

RS Flux Piper SkyA [CO2] L’expérience régionale de mai-juin 2005: Landes + région Toulouse

Regional Experiment: SouthWest France, in the Adour-Garonne basin WP3.1: Experimental planning, data consolidation and management (CNRM, VU-A, CEA-LSCE, USTUT, IBIMET-CNR, ISAFOM, INRA) General objectives of WP3.1 for the 18 th months: 1.To prepare a complete data set on climate, soil and land use to simulate the water and carbon cycles at high resolution ( 2km) on the long term (10 years) in ‘off line mode’ : e.g. with imposed observed atmospheric forcing to a number of SVATs schemes including carbon cycle modelling. 2.To propose an experimental plan for the may-june 2005 regional field campaign from off – line surface fluxes simulations and high resolution mesoscale modelling 3.To execute the May-June field campaign with the support of mesoscale atmospheric modelling

Initial planning of the May – June, 2005, field campaign To prepare a data set for regional balance of CO2 with observations of: (i) surface fluxes (energy, water and CO2) for a number of representative land cover of the regional area (frest, crops, grasslands, town, …) (ii) the ABL evolution (diurnal cycle for clear sky and cloudy cond., low wind) (iii) The large scale advection of CO2 into the domain within and above the ABL (iv) the CO2 and turbulent fluxes at different levels of the ABL (v) [CO2] concentrations continuously at tall tower sites Location: SW of France: 2 supersites (?): the Landes Forest and the Toulouse area (crops area) Period: may – june 2005, at least 20 days with intensive observations

The May-June, 2005 field campaign: surface fluxes: surface network on representative Land Cover 2 forest sites: LeBray and Billos (clearcut) – INRA –Bordeaux 1 vineyard site: 2 months Inra Bordeaux 2 maïs site : 2 months Inra Bordeaux + CNRM 2 crops site (corn, sunflower) Cesbio close Toulouse 1 fallow site (Close Toulouse- a Smos site) CNRM+CESBIO Aircrafts: Piper Aztec French aircraft for large scale transport of CO2, (flask + CONDOR fast sensor) + C0 3 (?) Sky Arrow Italian aircrafts (IBIMET) for CO2 fluxes in the ABL + 1 Sky Arrow from NL (?) Monitoring the ABL at the central site: frequent RS on IOP (CNRM): 5 RS a day at synop. Hours for oper. Analysis Radar UHF: CNRM Rass: (UA) CO2 concentrations: 1 (2) high towers with continuous [CO2] observations Aircraft MPI (?)

The CarboEurope regional data base developed by Medias – France, a partner of CNRM: Contact person: 1.A Web site for the C. regional component:  Description/objective of Carboeurope regional  news / links between partners  data policy and data access  interface to access data files and meta- data 2. Organisation of the data set:  access for C. regional partners from Netscape/Mozille on windows/Linux  A FTP site to put the data and meta data: Medias will provide special forms for the meta data description in agreement with the MPI central data base  A FTP site to access the data

LAI ISBA Water & Energy Budget GROWTH & MORTALITY Growth =  A n Senescence = exponential law Leaf area index CANOPY SCALE  Radiative transfer in the canopy  Net assimilation  Stomatal conductance A n & g s LEAF SCALE A-g s model: Jacobs (1995) Surface Variables:  [CO 2 ] surface, R G, T s, D s … Parameters of the model:  g m, RE 25, D max, f 0 CO 2 Net Assimilation Stomatal Conductance Soil moisture Stress 0    1 Nitrogen Dilution BB Assimilation of CO 2 in ISBA-A- gs Growth

Le-Bray Hesse Simulation of CO2 and evaporation fluxes for 2 forest sites of Carboeurope Efficiency H20H20 CO 2 H20H20

LAI simulation of the Landes forest using Isba-A-gs (Morel 2003) LAI: SWI: Surface Energy budget prescribed computed

The Safran-Isba –Modcou (SIM) model SAFRAN analysis ARPEGE ou ECMWF Analysis Surface observations Atmospheric forcing: precip., snowfall, pres., Ta, qa Ua, solar and IR rad. ISBA Données physiographiques pour le sol et la végétation + Modcou Qr Qi E H G watertable Daily riverflows Photosynthesis, Interactive vegetatioj input output Surface Scheme Hydrological model Interaction between the watertable And the unsat. soil Snow

Domain of simulation : COCA 900 km 320 km 250 km  =2.5 km  =10 km Altitude over south-west of France

10 m/s Low wind and high temperature simulated T2M at 14H : simulated temperature at 2m and wind at 10 m COCA simulation : 2.5 km (1)

COCA simulation : 2.5 km (2) H (W.m -2 ) 14H LE (W.m -2 ) 14H LAI Z0

RECAB versus COCA CABAUW CBL Height OBS at 12H = 1000 m COCA CBL Height OBS = m 10H 12H 14H 16H 10H 12H 14H 16H 10H 12H 14H 16H 10H 12H 14H 16H SIMU : Potential temperature SIMU : Humidity Zi 1900m Zi 1400 m Zi 1100 m

Perspectives Same runs with CO2 Large scale forcing and initialisation of CO2 with LMDZ : sensitivity to large scale forcing and to the spatio-temporal resolution of LMDZ Anthropogenic emissions from GENEMIS database CO2 budgets analysis Sensitivity to initial conditions : 10 days continuous versus daily reinitialisation Regional inversion to optimise CO2 sources and sinks : Meso-NH outputs to University of Amsterdam

Use of seasonality ECOCLIMAP-II New conceptNew concept New Land cover maps GLC 2000GLC 2000, CorineCorine 10-days surface parameters database Soil types Temporal profiles NDVI from SPOT/VGTSPOT/VGT Climate maps Ecosystems 1km: Global 250m: Europe

Partitionnement de la Classe Culture de CORINE en 10 sous-classes homogènes par classification des profils NDVI de SPOT/VGT ( )

Profils de NDVI S10 Pour quelques sous-classes cultures de CORINE

INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF LAI OVER FRANCE from Arcos, 2004

Preparation of the experimental plan for the May-June, 2005 field campaign 1. Run long term simulation of surface energy and carbon fluxes in the experimental area with high resolution atmospheric forcing ( 8 km) and land use data (1 km) 2. Develop a mesoscale modelling framework based on NH mesoscale models (2 km):. the Météo-France/CNRM MesoNH mesoscale model: inclusion of CO2 transport, inclusion of the ISBA-A-gs vegetation and TEB urban schemes, inclusion of ‘realistic’ surface properties and fossil emission (CO and CO2) Calibration using observations from the COCA and RECAB regional carbon experiments Optimize flight patterns (BL and synoptic flights) versus surface network and synoptic conditions, selection of central site for monitoring the ABL evolution, selection of flux sites, …