Baroque Art Professor A. D’Ascoli

Baroque Era 1611 King James Bible is published 1612 Foundation of New York by the Dutch 1618 Beginning of the Thirty Years' War, which devastates much of the German region 1619 First African slaves in Virginia 1636 Foundation of Harvard College

Baroque Art Characteristics Symmetry still applies in architecture Classical themes are replaced by religious ones in the classical style Ornate, rich, lavish decorations inside and even outside Attempt to show power of the Church Emotional and violent portrayals Strong contrast between light and dark colors Trompe l’oiel (fool the eye) painted illusions

Baroque Art St Peter’s façade 1607 – 1615 Rome, Italy Architecture Artist: Carlo Maderno Changed Michelangelo’s Greek cross plan to Latin cross to accommodate large crowds Largest of any church in Europe Uses symmetrical order to connect the stories Grand theatrical work to evoke power of Pope

Baroque Art Piazza di San Pietro 1657 Rome, Italy Architecture Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini Plaza and colonnade represent the outstretched arms of the church encircling the faithful Fountains align exactly

Baroque Art Baldacchino Rome, Italy 1624 – 1633 Sculpture Artist: Bernini Altar that sits directly over St. Peter’s tomb Bronze that this is made of was taken from the Pantheon’s roof by order of Barberini family

Baroque Art David 1623 Rome, Italy Sculpture Artist: Bernini David caught in the middle of hurling the stone Amazing skill is seen here in the expression, clothing and details of muscles and veins

Blessed Ludovica Albertoni Rome, Italy Sculpture Artist: Bernini Shows her dying but in religious ecstasy at the same time Not a saint yet, just beatified – claimed she could levitate and perform miracles

Baroque Art St. Theresa in Ecstasy 1645 – 1652 Rome, Italy Sculpture Artist: Bernini Moment when angel is piercing St Theresa’s heart with the arrow of pure love of God, her face in divine pleasure (almost erotic)

Bernini

Bernini

Baroque Art

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 1638 – 1667 Rome, Italy Architecture Artist: Francesco Borromini Church is on an intersection of narrow streets upon each corner is a fountain Curvilinear surface is a unique aspect of Borromini’s work Unique space called for unique church – columns of a made up classical order

Dome of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Rome, Italy Architecture Francesco Borromini Dove painted in center represents the Holy Spirit

Chapel of Saint Ivo 1642 Rome, Italy Architecture Francesco Borromini Most famous architect of the Baroque – he and Bernini were rivals Known for using curved lines and spaces rather than the straight symmetry of the Renaissance

Chapel of Santissima Sindone Turin, Italy Architecture Guarino Guarini The Shroud of Turin rests here Multi-layered dome causes unique perspective

Baroque Art Calling of St. Matthew 1599 – 1602 Rome, Italy Painting Artist: Caravaggio Seated at a bar St Matthew is called to Jesus The use of light makes this into a religious experience Christ’s halo is barely visible Tenebrism – in a dark manner

Conversion of Saint Paul ca Rome, Italy Painting - oil on canvas approximately 7 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft. 9 in. Caravaggio Caravaggio is considered the greatest of the Italian Baroque painters, his use of light to cause spotlight effects is one of his great innovations in art

Baroque Art The Entombment 1603 Rome, Italy Painting Artist: Caravaggio The stone slab is placed at eye height to give the viewer the sense that he/she is in the tomb ready to receive Christ’s body Self portrait snuck in here Caravaggio’s saints are regular people – common looking – an aspect that got him in a lot of trouble during his career

David Victorious over Goliath 1599 Rome, Italy Painting - oil on canvas 43 1/4 x 35 7/8 in. Caravaggio Heavily influenced his pupil Gentileschi as can readily be seen in this compared to Judith Slaying Holofernes

Baroque Art Judith Slaying Holofernes 1620 Rome, Italy Painting Artist: Artemesia Gentilischi In the style of Caravaggio’s tenebrism She was a female artist The light is used as a sort of spotlight to the main characters in the work A lot of her art portrayed violence – many say associated with her being sexually assaulted at 15

Judith and her Maidservant ca Rome, Italy Painting - oil on canvas 44 7/8 x 36 13/16 in. Artemisia Gentileschi Note the head is now in the basket

Baroque Art Triumph of St. Ignatius Loyola 1691 – 1694 Rome, Italy Painting Artist: Fra Andrea Pozzo Ceiling of Sant’Ignazio in Rome Illusionist Baroque style – flat ceiling line is gone – looks like it goes up into space

Triumph of St. Ignatius

Baroque Art The Bedroom 1663 Netherlands Painting Artist: Pieter de Hooch Baroque Dutch painting focused on details of everyday life Painting above doorway to show art is in everyday life

Baroque Art Jolly Toper 1628 – 1630 Amsterdam, Netherlands Painting Artist: Frans Hals Spontaneity is captured here instead of the usual stiff seated portraits Balancing a glass of wine in one hand and gesturing with the other He did not blend the brushstrokes

Baroque Art Boy Playing a Flute 1630 – 1635 Amsterdam, Netherlands Painting Artist: Judith Leyster A follower of Hals Depicted animated scenes from daily life like this one Use of light and shadow

Baroque Art The Night Watch 1642 Amsterdam, Netherlands Artist: Rembrandt Painting The event painted took place in the morning but years of candle soot and age caused it to be known as the Night Watch in error due to its darkening All men in the painting paid equally for its commission Composed along diagonal lines

Baroque Art Self-Portrait 1669 Amsterdam, Netherlands Painting Artist: Rembrandt His last self-portrait of well over 60 Contours have become looser Painting himself as he was – it was an insightful reflection not like the paintings of Durer at all

Baroque Art Young Woman with a Water Pitcher 1664 – 1665 Delft, Netherlands Painting Artist: Jan Vermeer Ordinary daily life activities in ordinary surroundings was Vermeer’s signature style The light shines in producing shadows in all its subtleties

Girl with the Pearl Earring ? The Hague, Netherlands Painting - oil on canvas 18 x 16 in. Jan Vermeer His most famous painting – even made into a movie Focus is on the pearl, may not even be a real person Called “The Mona Lisa of the North”

Baroque Art The Love Letter 1669 – 1670 Amsterdam, Netherlands Painting Artist: Jan Vermeer Composed in a series of rectangles formed in perspective Paintings hang on the wall, a laundry basket and the letter itself adorn this painting

Elevation of the Cross 1610 Antwerp, Belgium Painting - oil on panel 15 ft. 2 in. x 11 ft. 2 in. Peter Paul Rubens Rubens focuses on musculature much like Michelangelo in his early work, this will change in his works

Baroque Art Marie de’ Medici, Queen of France, Landing in Marseilles 1622 – 1625 Antwerp, Brussels Painting Artist: Peter Paul Rubens Gained his fame from European royal courts, especially Marie de’ Medici Full of drama for such an ordinary situation Plump females were his trademark “Rubenesque”

The Three Graces Paris, France Painting - oil on canvas 87 in. x 71 1/4 in. Peter Paul Rubens This is Rubens 2 nd wife and her 2 sisters – seems they had scoliosis

Baroque Art Portrait of Charles I at the Hunt 1635 London, England Painting Artist: Anthony van Dyck Painting captures the king’s attitude of control and calm while contrasting it with the unsettled horse and the struggling groom Van Dyck was an assistant to Rubens originally

Self-Portrait ca Haarlem, Netherlands Painting - oil on canvas 2 ft. 5 3/8 in. x 2 ft. 1 5/8 in. Judith Leyster A student of Hals She became one of the first truly successful female painters

Baroque Art Las Meninas (Maids of Honor) 1656 Madrid, Spain Painting Artist: Diego Velazquez Both a family portrait and a genre scene at the same time Velazquez himself (behind canvas) as well as the king and queen (in mirror at back of room) have all been placed in the painting surreptitiously as the princess and her maids pose Considered his masterpiece and possibly the most recognizable painting in the world

.

Baroque Art Rape of the Sabine Women 1636 – 1637 Paris, France Painting Artist: Poussin Diagonals, and verticals aid in perspective Figures seem frozen in a moment rather than fluid Style that is meant to appeal to the mind not the eye

Et in Arcadia Ego ca Paris, France Painting - oil on canvas 2 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft. Nicholas Poussin Became more famous in modern times because of Da Vinci Code and Rennes le Chateau mystery as it is said to lead to clues to Christ and the Magdalen’s tomb in France.

Baroque Art Palace du Louvre East Façade 1667 – 1670 Paris, France Architecture Artists: Louis Le Vau, Charles Le Brun & Claude Perrault A return to strict classical forms began during the late Baroque era in France – it would develop into a style known as Neo-Classicism

Baroque Art Gardens at the Chateau of Versailles 1662 – 1668 Versailles, France Architecture/Sculpture Artist: Andre le Notre Natural world turned to geometric shapes in symmetrical patterns

Baroque Art Garden Façade Versailles 1669 Versailles, France Architecture Artist: Louis le Vau This is the rear of the palace at Versailles facing the gardens; strict classicism was still followed for this structure

Versailles

Baroque Art Hall of Mirrors 1680 Versailles, France Architecture Artists: Charles le Brun & Jules Hardoun-Mansart 240 ft long but only 34 ft wide and 43 ft high it gives the appearance of a tunnel The window side overlooks the gardens Symbol of French Baroque elegance

Eglise de Dome/ Church of the Invalides Paris, France Jules Hardouin-Mansart French military church and hospital Now also a museum of the French military Napoleon’s tomb is also inside

Napoleon’s Tomb

Baroque Art St. Paul’s Cathedral 1675 – 1700 London, England Architecture Artist: Christopher Wren A Baroque interpretation of the Pantheon of Rome Columns are arranged in pairs – a characteristically Baroque feature Also added a lantern to the dome The 2 towers are also Baroque in style

Interior of Vierzehnheiligen Staffelstein, Germany Architecture Balthasar Neumann German Baroque is extremely detailed and extravagant

Assumption of the Virgin 1723 Rohr, Germany Architecture Egid Asam Light from window makes it a seemingly heavenly experience

Baroque Art Harpsichord 1658 Germany Painting/Sculpture Artist: Jerome de Zentis In the Baroque era, the harpsichord was a key instrument used by both Bach and Handel in their compositions and performances Strings were plucked not hammered by a mechanism inside

Salon de la Princesse Paris, France Achitecture Architect - Germain Boffrand with Painting by Charles-Joseph Natoire and Sculpture by J.B. Lemoine Considered by some to be Rococo – not Baroque as it is too extravagant

Spanish Baroque Christ Embracing St. Bernard Valencia, Spain Painting Artist: Francisco Ribalta Actually depicts Christ’s descent from the cross into the Saint’s arms

Spanish Baroque Immaculate Conception 1678 Madrid, Spain Painting Artist: Bartolome Esteban Murillo The idea of the immaculate conception of Mary came out of Seville Spain in 1617, it is a recent Catholic addition to the dogma So Spanish artists were the first to portray it

Spanish Baroque The Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew 1634 Naples, Italy Painting Artist: Jusepe de Ribera Heavily influenced by Caravaggio as he worked in Italy

Spanish Baroque Christ on the Cross 1627 Llerena, Spain Painting Artist: Francisco de Zubaran Creates illusion of super-reality and expresses the dual nature of Christ One of his most famous works

Spanish Baroque Cristo Yacente Valladolid, Spain Sculpture Artist: Gregorio Fernandez Lifelike and the gore caused quite a stir

Baroque Art Chapel of the Rosary 1690 Puebla, Mexico Architecture Inside Church of Santo Domingo Baroque style pushed to the limits of design and decoration Full of flourishes and gilded gold

Baroque Art Frontispiece of Leviathan 1651 London, England Ink and Pen Written by Thomas Hobbes The body of the king is made up of his subjects referring to the social contract betweens government and the people A supported government rules of over a well fortified land at peace The Leviathan is seen as a defense of monarchial rule

Baroque Art Telescope 1609 Florence, Italy Sculpture and Glasswork Artist: Galileo Galilei Galilei was able to contradict the Ptolemaic view of a geocentric universe by observing the motions of the heavens He was excommunicated for his views and told to recant them publicly

The end... Next lecture... The 18 th century