CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 1 What is MICE  Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment  What is Ionisation Cooling ? Cooling = Reduction of Beam Emittance Energy Loss + Reacceleration = Reduction of p T /p L Limited Multiple Scattering Works better with light materiel (low Z) Works only for low energy muons No Energy Loss by Radiation No Hadronic Interaction

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 2  Standard Cooling doesn’t work for muons Stochastic and electron cooling are too slow  Never tested No doubt on the principle but practical challenges Large RF Cavities in Strong Magnetic Field Liquid Hydrogen (Energy) Absorbers  Major source of uncertainty on the cost and complexity of a Muon Storage Ring  Better to Prototype/study it !… Why MICE is Needed A factor 10 in intensity and 20% of the cost…

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 3 Why a Muon Storage Ring  Possible future big projects for P  International Linear Collider Neutrino Factory Muon Collider …  There is interest for a NuFact in Europe RAL: Very positive sign : Approval ! + Call for a scoping study CERN (report from Scientific Policy Committee to council) : “Future neutrino facilities offer great promise for fundamental discoveries. CERN should join the world effort in developing technologies for new facilities : Beta beams, Neutrino Factory…wherever they are sited.” “Focus now on enabling CERN to do the best choice by 2010 on future physics programme.” ECFA recommended “a co-ordinated collaborative R&D effort to determine the feasibility and practical design of a neutrino factory based on a high energy muon storage ring” (already in Sept 2001). EMCOG (European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group): “The issue of ionisation cooling is critical and this justifies the important effort that the experiment [MICE] represents” (Feb 2003) Require Muon Storage Ring

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 4 Neutrino factory at CERN - Neutrino Factory is considered the ultimate neutrino facility - - Allows precision measurement of - - Sin 2  Mass hierarchy - - leptonic CP violation

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 5 MICE collaboration  Started in 2001  40 institutions, 8 countries, ~150 people  Main participants RAL and UK collaboration, FNAL and US Neutrino factory and Muon Collider Collab. KEK, Osaka INFN Milano, Roma, Napoli Frascati, and.. DPNC Geneva, (and CERN)  MICE is approved at RAL (Oct 03) UK funding released on March 05  MICE is a Recognised Experiment at CERN (RE11)

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 6 MICE Site  MICE will be hosted at RAL using ISIS beam MeV/c muons muons / Spill - - 1ms Spill duration Spill / second

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 7  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 RF cavities 1RF cavities 2 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out Spectrometer solenoid 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2 Cherenkov Calorimeter MICE concept: Beam Diagnostic using particle per particle tracking Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils 2 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 3

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 8 MICE Summary 200MHz RF cavity with beryllium windows Liquid-hydrogen absorbers Scintillating-fiber tracker Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment Status: Approved at RAL(UK) First beam: Funded in: UK,CH,JP,NL,US Requests: CH,It,JP,US Single-  beam ~200 MeV/c 4T spectrometer I 4T spectrometer II TOF Cooling cell (~10%)  =5-45cm, liquid H 2, RF Final PID: TOF Cherenkov Calorimeter Aims: - Engineer and run a section of cooling channel - Measure emittance with 0.1 % accuracy Main challenges: - RF in magnetic field! - Safety issues Some prototyping:

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 9 MICE Plan  - STEP I: April 2007 STEP II: October 2007 STEP III: 2008 STEP IV: 2008 STEP V 2008? STEP VI 2009? PHASE I - Understand systematics - Check optical match PHASE II Test ionization cooling

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 10 Geneva in MICE  Management (Alain Blondel) AB is Spokesperson  Funding Trigger and Data Acquisition R&D for a tracker upgrade TPC with GEM readout Request for a Swiss coupling coil being submitted (contact: Bruker Biospin Faellanden-CH)

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 11 Coupling Coils If MICE is delayed, the neutrino factory might miss the next take off…  Currently, the coupling coils would be funded by the US…in 2011!  MICE results would be *very* late… Fact EURO P  2010… A STRATEGIC contribution!

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 12 Geneva in MICE (1)  RF Background Simulation (Rikard Sandstrom) High-gradient Cu RF cavities in high magnetic field ! Field emission of electrons (dark current) -> Magnetic field focuses dark currents and lowers onset of breakdown -> Electrons produce X-ray by Bremsstrahlung, and produce breakdowns -> X-rays convert into the detectors Direct measurement + Simulation => Tracker validation tests of 200 MHz cavity about to begin in FermiLab. Coupling coil will be necessary to test cavity with realistic magnetic field! Operation of RF cavities in Mag. Field is the hardest challenge of MICE!

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 13 Geneva in MICE (2)  PID Simulation (Rikard Sandtrom) - - Muons decay in flight - -> positrons - - Cause systematics error on the emittance measurement - -Bias must remain below PID detectors used in Neural Network - -> weight for “muonness” + study role of time measurements in determination of 6D emittances

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 14 Geneva in MICE (3)  DAQ 600 muons per 1 ms Spill, repeated at 1 Hz All the tracking and PID data have to be buffered in the FEE and read out at the end of the spill About 20 MB / Spill (20 GB / Run) =>Architecture based on HARP experience  Control and Monitoring Detector + Beam Line + Cooling Channel Several 100 of parameters Should react at the spill rate (> 1Hz)

CHIPP Sept 2005Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 15 Conclusion  MICE: Muon Ionisation Cooling R&D Precision emittance measurement (0.1 %)  Needed for high lumi. Muon Storage Ring -> Neutrino Factory  Recognised and Funded Sited at RAL  Should give results before > big decisions for post LHC era  Geneva is deeply involved Simulation: RF background, PID DAQ