The Perils of IP in a digital age

Seanchaí

Blackboard Patent 2006 No. 6,988,138 “Internet based education support systems and methods”

Desire2Learn Blackboard HQ Lufkin, Texas

Blackboard patent Bollywood style

Lessig

Stanford

Boyle

Duke

Lessig

Innovation revolution

Commerce Counter-revolution

Law

Technology

Concentrated control of knowledge resources

Boyle

Second Enclosure

Commons of the mind

Silence is [golden] profitable

DMCA 1998 EUCD 2001

DeCSS 1999 DVD Jon Universal v Corley

Sklyarov 2001

Felten

SunnComm MediaMax CD3 & Haldermann’s shift key 2003

Blackboard Hoffman & Griffith

Adobe in Wonderland

RealNetworks v Apple 2004

P2P Napster, Grokster Universal v Sony

The United States Supreme Court unanimously confirmed that using this service to trade copyrighted material is illegal. Copying copyrighted motion picture and music files using unauthorized peer-to- peer services is illegal and is prosecuted by copyright owners. There are legal services for downloading music and movies. This service is not one of them. YOUR IP ADDRESS IS AND HAS BEEN LOGGED. Don't think you can't get caught. You are not anonymous. In the meantime, please visit and to learn more about copyright.

Copyright Clearance Center – Blackboard 2005 Automated clearance tool From ‘fair use’ to ‘fared use’

Gowers Review UK 2006 IP enforcement IP enforcement IP crime – police and trading standards IP crime – police and trading standards 10 years jail 10 years jail Reform of copyright Reform of copyright Balance – fair dealing & exceptions for private format shifting Balance – fair dealing & exceptions for private format shifting Libraries, archives, education Libraries, archives, education No term extension on sound recordings - economics No term extension on sound recordings - economics Patent Office → IPO Patent Office → IPO Advisory Board on IP Policy Advisory Board on IP Policy

Gene patents Software patents Trusted computing Network architectures WIPO, TRIPS, IPRED Policy laundering ACTA

Music industry > 30k individual lawsuits Jammie Thomas $222,

UK individual lawsuits Isabela Barwinska £16,000 August 2008

E-commerce directive Notice & takedown

ISPs ID suspects?

Three strikes

Promusicae v Telefonica

Diamond v Chakrabarty 1980 Moore v Regents of University of California 1990 State Street Bank 1998 Amazon 1-click BT v Prodigy (hypertext linking case) Sony v Owen 2002 Eldred v Ashcroft 2003 MercExchange v eBay RIM v NTP (Blackberry case) Microsoft v Eolas (plug ins and applets) Microsoft v Alcatel MP3 case Universal v Sharman Networks (KaZaa) International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) 2007 Acacia v Red Hat & Novell Viacom v YouTube LG Electronics v Quanta Computer

Microsoft

Boyle 7 Ways to Ruin a Technological Revolution

Second enclosure movement

Lessig

Counter-revolution succeeding

Stakeholders (winners & losers) Public (Consumers) Creators Agents* * Business e.g. Music, film, software, media companies, publishers

Creators Z depends on i) term ii) scope iii) penalties iv) case law v)enforcement

Consumers Societal welfare equals (weighted) sum of consumers, creators & agents

Agents of creators Music, film, software, media companies and publishers Music, film, software, media companies and publishers Za > Zc

Lined up Possibly Z a > Z c > Z consumers

Evidence Optimal strength varies for creators, agents and consumers Optimal strength varies for creators, agents and consumers Possibly Z a > Z c > Z consumers Possibly Z a > Z c > Z consumers We don’t know We don’t know Very little empirical evidence Very little empirical evidence Case study of specific firms Case study of specific firms Surveys of creators, firms, lawyers, etc Surveys of creators, firms, lawyers, etc Data & econometrics Data & econometrics National or sector trends/comparisons National or sector trends/comparisons Sales of CDs, films, etc Sales of CDs, films, etc Collecting society data Collecting society data Legal cases matched to firm-level data Legal cases matched to firm-level data

Recent proposed changes 3 strikes 3 strikes Winners - agents & creators Winners - agents & creators Losers - agents & creators & public Losers - agents & creators & public Term extension Term extension Winners - agents & creators Winners - agents & creators Losers - agents & creators & public Losers - agents & creators & public 4% > 20 years old available 4% > 20 years old available 96% locked up 96% locked up ACTA ACTA ????????????? ????????????? Public Creators Agents

Thanks and Qs