The influence of movement dynamics on ecosystem structure: Suckers as ecosystem engineers Michael T. Booth, Alex S. Flecker, Nelson G. Hairston, Jr. Dept.

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Presentation transcript:

The influence of movement dynamics on ecosystem structure: Suckers as ecosystem engineers Michael T. Booth, Alex S. Flecker, Nelson G. Hairston, Jr. Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University

1 m

0.2 m

West Fork Gila River Fish “refuge” sites Middle Fork Gila West Fork Gila Focal reach

Fish movement and habitat use 23mm kHz PIT tags, detection range m, >500 tagged fish ( mm SL) in 2 km reach in 2008, multiplexed stationary antennas ( m wide, 2.3 scans/sec) Weekly scans of refuge habitats over 4 km reach with portable antenna A1 A2 A3 A4

Diel sampling site Full reach (2 km) Frequency transect (inset) #3 Fish movement and habitat use

Hourly fish activity Day Night

Typical fish activity

flood <20 cm visibility

TRANSIENT EFFECTS Suckers as ecosystem engineers

Downstream fluxes 5 diel sampling events at focal pool, 2 events included other pools Collected seston samples at 10 time points (2-3 hr intervals)

Dry Mass (g/L) 6/28 09:306/28 12:306/28 15:306/28 18:306/28 20:306/28 22:306/29 01:306/29 04:30 6/29 06:306/29 09:30 Seston dry mass (3 replicates per time point) Diel seston concentrations Fish activity within focal reach

LONG LIVED EFFECTS Suckers as ecosystem engineers

Methods: “Feeding” transects 2 transects per “divotable” habitat over 2 km reach (≈30% area, silt/sand/gravel) 2-4 quadrats per transect, measured width and depth of 4 representative divots per quadrat, 5 dates 0.5 m

6/23/09 Distribution of depressions flow

Frequency transects 5 transects (7-14 m, 8-11 quadrats) 0.25 m 2 quadrats, 5 numbered and bi- colored washers Scored daily or AM/PM (gravel/sand, moved, flipped, divot), 20 pts possible

Frequency transects #1 #3 #6 #9 # Reach length: 2 km Quadrat scores Stationary antenna reach Sites >10 suckers

Frequency transects Relative disturbance Quadrat location Date

Quadrat location Quadrat location Quadrat location Flood

UNDERSTANDING MOVEMENT PATTERNS From diel to seasonal, baseflow to flood event

Added 6/25

“Fine scale” movements 2009 data only shown, but including fish from both years

“Large scale” movements of individual fish 2009 data only shown, but including fish from both years Location Location 05/24/200906/21/200907/19/2009 date 05/24/200906/21/200907/19/2009 date 05/24/200906/21/200907/19/2009 date 05/24/200906/21/200907/19/2009 date 05/24/200906/21/200907/19/2009 date 05/24/200906/21/200907/19/2009 date