Ethers and Alcohols

Ethers Functional group is C-O-C –Oxygen is in the main carbon chain Name by naming the hydrocarbon group on each side of O –Example: –Methyl ethyl ether

Ethers Many are anesthetics Very flammable Diethyl ether is most common –Often called just ether –No longer used as an anesthetic –Used as an organic solvent MTBE is used as oxygenator and octane booster in gasoline

MTBE Very stable in the environment –Is starting to show up in ground water –Banned by California –Phase-out mandated by congress Being replaced by ? Exercise 6.7

Alcohols Functional group is –OH Primary, 1° –Carbon that OH is on has only one carbon on it. Secondary, 2° –Carbon with OH has 2 carbons on it. Tertiary, 3° –Carbon with OH has 3 carbons on it. Behave differently Isomers & naming – C 4 alcohols

Methanol Most simple Very toxic –Can cause blindness and death Flammable – used as a fuel –Oxygenates and boosts octane –Corrosive –Gives off formaldehyde Also called “wood alcohol” and “methyl alcohol”

Methanol Most now made from natural gas (methane) Most used to produce MTBE M 85 and M 100 common fuels –M 100 almost exclusively used in race cars Not a likely to cause fireball –M 85 used in FFV’s

Ethanol Most well known alcohol (grain alcohol) –In alcoholic beverages (ethyl alcohol) –Is also toxic but not at such low levels Up to 12% by fermentation – distillation Proof is twice the % alcohol 1 pt of pure ethanol will kill you Denatured alcohol Affects many parts of your body

Legal Limit =.05%

Ethanol Also used as a fuel –E 10, E 85, E 100 –Also corrosive –Gives off acetaldehyde Should we use food crops for fuel? –Renewable fuel No gain in CO 2 and supply renewable –Fertilizer, machinery and distillation Also used as a solvent (cough syrup)

2-Propanol Common name – isopropanol Rubbing alcohol is a 75% solution in water At that concentration, can enter cell walls of bacteria and kill them. Don’t drink!

H16 – C6 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, , 17, 32, , 42, 52, 54, 55, 58, Ex 6.7 –Name all isomers