Assigning carbon fluxes to processes using measurements of the isotopic abundance of carbon-14 Nir Y Krakauer Department of Earth and Planetary Science.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

An example of a large-scale interdisciplinary carbon problem Multidecadal climate variability Atmospheric evidence Ocean source? (upwelling, biological.

Advertisements

Oceanic sources and sinks for atmospheric CO 2 Nicolas Gruber (1), S.E Mikaloff-Fletcher (1), A.Jacobson (2), M. Gloor (2), J. L. Sarmiento (2), T. Takahashi.

Global trends in air-sea CO 2 fluxes based on in situ and satellite products Rik Wanninkhof, NOAA/AOML ACE Ocean Productivity and Carbon Cycle (OPCC) Workshop.

GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle 28 September 2010 JH Butler, NOAA CAS Management Group Meeting Page 1 Global Monitoring, Carbon Cycle Science, and.

Tropical vs. extratropical terrestrial CO 2 uptake and implications for carbon-climate feedbacks Outline: How we track the fate of anthropogenic CO 2 Historic.

Niall P. Hanan 1, Christopher A. Williams 1, Joseph Berry 2, Robert Scholes 3 A. Scott Denning 1, Jason Neff 4, and Jeffrey Privette 5 1. Colorado State.

Oxygen triple isotope composition for estimating photosynthesis rates Nir Krakauer June, 2006.

Sarmiento and Gruber (2002) Sinks for Anthropogenic Carbon Physics Today August

Simulations and Inverse Modeling of Global Methyl Chloride 1 School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology 2 Division of Engineering.

Nitrous Oxide: Stratospheric Isotopic Composition and Tropospheric Impact Y. L. Yung, J. Weibel* and R. L. Shia Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciences.

Y. L. Yung, R. L. Shia, Y. C. Chen, C. Y. Leung Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciecnes, California Institute of Technology Mao-Chang Liang Research.

CO 2 in the middle troposphere Chang-Yu Ting 1, Mao-Chang Liang 1, Xun Jiang 2, and Yuk L. Yung 3 ¤ Abstract Measurements of CO 2 in the middle troposphere.

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory Mission: Effects of Polarization on Retrievals Vijay Natraj Advisor: Yuk Yung Collaborators: Robert Spurr (RT Solutions,

Estimating parameters in inversions for regional carbon fluxes Nir Y Krakauer 1*, Tapio Schneider 1, James T Randerson 2 1. California Institute of Technology.

Carbon sequestration in China’s ecosystems, Jingyun Fang Department of Ecology Peking University Feb. 14, 2008.

Atmospheric carbon-14 as a tracer of the contemporary carbon cycle Nir Y Krakauer NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Earth.

Prabir K. Patra Acknowledgments: S. Maksyutov, K. Gurney and TransCom-3 modellers TransCom Meeting, Paris; June 2005 Sensitivity CO2 sources and.

1 Trends and Anomalies in Southern Hemisphere OH Inferred from 12 Years of 14 CO Data Martin Manning, Dave Lowe, Rowena Moss, Gordon Brailsford National.

Interannual variability in CO2 fluxes derived from 64-region inversion of atmospheric CO2 data Prabir K. Patra*, Shamil Maksyutov*, Misa Ishizawa*, Takakiyo.

Compatibility of surface and aircraft station networks for inferring carbon fluxes TransCom Meeting, 2005 Nir Krakauer California Institute of Technology.

Carbon Cycle Basics Ranga Myneni Boston University 1/12 Egon Schiele ( ) Autumn Sun 1.

Characterizing CO 2 fluxes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems Nir Krakauer PhD thesis seminar May 19, 2006.

Evaluating the Impact of the Atmospheric “ Chemical Pump ” on CO 2 Inverse Analyses P. Suntharalingam GEOS-CHEM Meeting, April 4-6, 2005 Acknowledgements.

Global Conveyor Belt. Conveyor Belt Circulation Diagnose conveyor belt pathways – Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis) Water mass analysis.

Determining the magnitude and variability of the anthropogenic CO 2 uptake rate by the oceans. Dick Feely (NOAA/PMEL/JISAO) Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL/JISAO)

Lecture 13 Tracers for Gas Exchange Examples for gas exchange using: 222 Rn 14 C E&H Sections 5.2 and 10.2.

Evaluating the Role of the CO 2 Source from CO Oxidation P. Suntharalingam Harvard University TRANSCOM Meeting, Tsukuba June 14-18, 2004 Collaborators.

The Anthropogenic Ocean Carbon Sink Alan Cohn March 29, 2006

SOURCES PUITS CO 2 Global Budget (GtC yr -1 ) (1 GtC = gC)

Impact of Reduced Carbon Oxidation on Atmospheric CO 2 : Implications for Inversions P. Suntharalingam TransCom Meeting, June 13-16, 2005 N. Krakauer,

The uptake, transport, and storage of anthropogenic CO 2 by the ocean Nicolas Gruber Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & IGPP, UCLA.

Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Flux: What to Consider Scott Doney (WHOI) ASCENDS Science Working Group Meeting (February 2012; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

Global Carbon Cycle Feedbacks: From pattern to process Dave Schimel NEON inc.

1 Oceanic sources and sinks for atmospheric CO 2 The Ocean Inversion Contribution Nicolas Gruber 1, Sara Mikaloff Fletcher 2, and Kay Steinkamp 1 1 Environmental.

Climate and the Carbon Cycle Gretchen Keppel-Aleks California Institute of Technology 16 October 2010.

Carbon Dioxide and Climate Pieter Tans NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Boulder, Colorado National Science Teachers Association National Conference.

Evaluating satellite ocean color-derived export production in the Southern Ocean using atmospheric O 2 /N 2 data Cindy Nevison University of Colorado Mati.

The seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric CO 2 is simulated using best available estimates of surface carbon fluxes and the MATCH atmospheric.

Le Kuai 1, John Worden 2, Elliott Campbell 3, Susan S. Kulawik 4, Meemong Lee 2, Stephen A. Montzka 5, Joe Berry 6, Ian Baker 7, Scott Denning 7, Randy.

A Decline in the Northern Hemisphere CO 2 Sink from John Miller 1, Pieter Tans 1, Jim White 2, Ken Masarie 1, Tom Conway 1, Bruce Vaughn 2,

Understanding the Ocean Carbon Cycle from Atmospheric Measurements of O 2 and CO 2 Andrew Manning, UEA, UK.

Liang and Yung, Isotopic Constraints on the Global Budget and Trend of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Isotopic Constraints on the Global Budget and Trend of.

TOP-DOWN CONSTRAINTS ON REGIONAL CARBON FLUXES USING CO 2 :CO CORRELATIONS FROM AIRCRAFT DATA P. Suntharalingam, D. J. Jacob, Q. Li, P. Palmer, J. A. Logan,

CO 2 Diurnal Profiling Using Simulated Multispectral Geostationary Measurements Vijay Natraj, Damien Lafont, John Worden, Annmarie Eldering Jet Propulsion.

Closing the Global Bomb Radiocarbon Budget Tobias Naegler 1,2, Vago Hesshaimer 1, and Ingeborg Levin 1 1 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg,

60 years of Southern Hemisphere  14 CO 2 observed at Wellington, New Zealand Sara Mikaloff Fletcher, Gordon Brailsford, Kim Currie, Rowena Moss, Kay Steinkamp,

A direct carbon budgeting approach to study CO 2 sources and sinks ICDC7 Broomfield, September 2005 C. Crevoisier 1 E. Gloor 1, J. Sarmiento 1, L.

Y. L. Yung, R. L. Shia Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciecnes, California Institute of Technology Mao-Chang Liang Research Center for Environmental.

Atmospheric O 2 Measurements in HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to- Pole Observations of Atmospheric Tracers) Britton Stephens, NCAR EOL and TIIMES.

ATOC 220 Global Carbon Cycle Recent change in atmospheric carbon The global C cycle and why is the contemporary atmospheric C increasing? How much of the.

 We also investigated the vertical cross section of the vertical pressure velocity (dP/dt) across 70°W to 10°E averaged over 20°S-5°S from December to.

Quantifying the decrease in anthropogenic methane emissions in Europe and Siberia using modeling and atmospheric measurements of carbon dioxide and methane.

The Global Carbon Cycle THE MODERN CYCLE Pools (10 19 g C): Atmosphere0.07 Land Plants0.06 Soil0.15 Ocean (DIC)3.80(largest near surface reservoir) Organic.

Dylan Millet Harvard University with D. Jacob (Harvard), D. Blake (UCI), T. Custer and J. Williams (MPI), J. de Gouw, C. Warneke, and J. Holloway (NOAA),

Ralph Keeling Scripps Institution of Oceanography Global oceanic and land carbon sinks from the Scripps flask sampling networks.

HIPPO: Global Carbon Cycle Britton Stephens, NCAR EOL and TIIMES.

Using atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 CO 2 ) to constrain North American fossil and biogenic CO 2 fluxes John B. Miller Scott Lehman, Arlyn Andrews, Colm.

On the Robustness of Air-Sea Flux Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon from Ocean Inversions Sara Mikaloff Fletcher, Nicolas Gruber, Andrew Jacobson, Scott.

Variability of CO 2 From Satellite Retrievals and Model Simulations Xun Jiang 1, David Crisp 2, Edward T. Olsen 2, Susan S. Kulawik 2, Charles E. Miller.

Oceans & Anthropogenic CO 2 V.Y. Chow EPS 131.  CO 2 exchange across sea surfaces in the oceans  Measurement methods of anthropogenic CO 2  Distributions.

HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations of Atmospheric Tracers (HIPPO) Britton Stephens, NCAR EOL and TIIMES.

CONSTRAINTS FROM RGM MEASUREMENTS ON GLOBAL MERCURY CHEMISTRY Noelle Eckley Selin 1 Daniel J. Jacob 1, Rokjin J. Park 1, Robert M. Yantosca 1, Sarah Strode,

Potential of 14 CO 2 to constrain emissions at country scale Y. Wang, G. Broquet, P. Ciais, F. Vogel, F. Chevallier, N. Kadygrov, L. Wu, R. Wang, S. Tao.

Pre-anthropogenic C cycle and recent perturbations

Carbon Cycle Observations and Instrumentation

Variability of CO2 From Satellite Retrievals and Model Simulations

Carbon dating Carbon has 3 isotopes: 12C – stable 13C – stable

Variability of CO2 From Satellite Retrievals and Model Simulations

Atmospheric CO2 and O2 Observations and the Global Carbon Cycle

HIPPO1-3 Large-Scale CO2 Gradients

Presentation transcript:

Assigning carbon fluxes to processes using measurements of the isotopic abundance of carbon-14 Nir Y Krakauer Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of California at Berkeley

Isotopes as process tracers CO 2  13 C ∆ 14 C

14 C (radiocarbon) in the Holocene 14 C (λ 1/2 = 5730 years) is produced in the upper atmosphere at ~6 kg / year Notation: Δ 14 C = 14 C/ 12 C ratio relative to the preindustrial troposphere (19th century tree rings) Tropospheric Δ 14 C was lowest in the south, where exchange with deep ocean water is most intense Stratosphere +80 ‰ 90 Pg C Troposphere 0‰ 500 Pg C Shallow ocean –50‰ 600 Pg C Deep ocean –170‰ Pg C Land biota –3‰ 1500 Pg C Sediments –1000‰ Pg C 14 N(n,p) 14 C Air-sea gas exchange

The bomb spike: atmosphere and surface ocean Δ 14 C since 1950 Massive production in nuclear tests ca (“bomb 14 C”) Through air-sea gas exchange, the ocean took up ~half of the bomb 14 C by the 1980s bomb spike data: Levin & Kromer 2004; Manning et al 1990; Druffel 1987; Druffel 1989; Druffel & Griffin 1995

The contemporary budget for atmospheric Δ 14 C Contribution (‰/yr) Biosphere +4 Fossil fuels−10 Cosmogenic +6 Ocean −6 Total −6 Cf. Krakauer et al 2006

Modeled gradients in atmospheric Δ 14 C Fossil-fuel burning Ocean uptake (‰) Forest release

Growing-season Δ 14 C over the USA Hsueh et al., Regional patterns of radiocarbon and fossil fuel-derived CO 2 in surface air across North America, GRL (2007)

How might Δ 14 C help carbon-flux inversions?

1) Transport model testing: what’s the N-S gradient due to fossil-fuel burning? “The ratio of largest fossil fuel interhemispheric difference to smallest IHD is 1.5 compared to 2.0 for the fossil simulation results from TransCom 1” (Gurney et al 2003) Ongoing analysis of Scripps air archive (Heather Graven) Combine with earlier measurements to fix fossil vs. ocean contributions Levin and Hesshaimer 2000

2) Vertical dispersion of fossil fuel CO 2 Comparison of actual with modeled vertical CO 2 profiles suggests that most TransCom 3 models keep too much fossil- fuel CO 2 near the surface, creating a bias in flux estimation from predominantly surface data (Yang et al, New constraints on Northern Hemisphere growing season net flux, submitted to GRL) Vertical profiles of Δ 14 C enable distinguishing biotic from fossil CO 2 fluxes Turnbull et al 2006

3) Verification of fossil-fuel burning figures Given transport errors, regional fossil-fuel burning can be estimated from Δ 14 C measurements only to within ~20%; is this ever useful? Time series of Δ 14 C depletion can reveal trends in fossil fuel use more accurately, though, with accuracy of up to perhaps ~5% Levin et al 2003

Acknowledgements Advisors and collaborators: Inez Fung, Jim Randerson, Tapio Schneider Δ 14 C measurements and interpretation: Stanley Tyler, Sue Trumbore, Xiaomei Xu, John Southon, Jess Adkins, Paul Wennberg, Yuk Yung, Heather Graven, François Primeau, Dimitris Menemenlis, Nicolas Gruber NOAA, NASA, and the Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation for fellowships

Extra slides

Global Observing Network