The Problem of Evil The Sacred Quest, ch. 7.

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Presentation transcript:

The Problem of Evil The Sacred Quest, ch. 7

Why is this a problem? Theodicy: belief in divine justice Religions see a tension between ordinary experience (how things seem) and sacred reality (how experience should be transformed according to sacred reality) What is the Buddhist belief in how experience should be transformed according to sacred reality? Jewish belief?

Holocaust Older Jewish responses Suffering is punishment for disobedience (Deuteronomy) Suffering is mysterious (Job) Suffering has greater meaning for the whole people (Isaiah’s suffering servant) Why don’t these work in the case of the Holocaust?

Emil Fackenheim New (614th) commandment: Jews must not grant Hitler a posthumous victory Survive as Jews Jews and Israel have a right to exist, not be martyrs Religious and secular Jews must be united Keep memory of victims alive Must “tell the tale”, because it is holy Do not despair of the world Tikkun olam: repair the world Do not despair of the God of Israel Religious Jew: continue to wrestle with God, like Jacob Secular Jew: do not deny God b/c of Auschwitz

Classic responses Evil and Karma Consolation of promise There is justice in a future life, if not now Consolation of promise Evil will be overcome in the future (example: a day of judgment) Appeal to sovereignty God’s ways are higher, people can’t always understand, but God is in control. Example: Job Dualism There are good and evil powers, who wage war in universe

Evaluation Is it logical? Is it coherent? Does it present a consistent view of God/the sacred? Is it coherent? Does it fit what we know about human experience? Is it psychologically satisfying? How does it affect the emotions? (Kushner) Would you say this to someone who is suffering? What are the moral consequences? What actions does it suggest people do? Does this fit with the religion?