Waste Management By Song Huadong Wakeford Amy Beth Siu Lok Luk Ka Ying Liru Wang

Sector – Waste 1.International Scale Agenda 21 – Chapter 21 of Agenda 21 states that “environmentally sound management of wastes was among the environmental issues of major concern in maintaining the quality of the Earth environment.” (Agenda 21, para 21.1) 2. National Scale Sustainable Development Council – Hong Kong Waste management is one of the three main pilot areas the SDC – HK will focus on. Reasons for choosing waste as our sector:

Sai Kung Residents 3. Local Scale In Explore Sai Kung (Community Issues), SK residents voiced their opinion about waste: *Many residents want to be responsible and recycle, but there are inadequate facilities. *Some residents think that the corporate community should take some responsibility too. *They are concerned about the trash left by tourists and the state of the waterfront.

Sai Kung – The scope Our area of focus is on Sai Kung only, EXCLUDING Tseung Kwan O In this project we are going to focus only on MSW ( domestic, commercial and industrial waste only) We want to focus on Sai Kung only because: the population concentration of Tseung Kwan O is much higher than other parts of Sai Kung; the waste production in Tsueng Kwan O is obviously higher than in Sai Kung because of the larger population; and the landscape and environment is very different in both places.

Scope - Map of Sai Kung (Excluding Tseung Kwan O) Town Centre 4 Study Areas in Sai Kung: 1. Sea 2. Country Parks 3. Village clusters 4. Sai Kung Town Centre

The Scope - Map of Sai Kung Town Centre 4 Study Areas in Sai Kung: 1. Sea 2. Country Parks 3. Village clusters 4. Sai Kung Town Centre

Baseline Conditions Local Population (in 2001 Population Census) –Total Population in Sai Kung: 327,689 (4.9% out of whole territory) –Population excluding Tseung Kwan O: 37,594 (0.6% out of whole Sai Kung) TopicsThe whole territory Sai Kung (excluding Tseung Kwan O) Population6,708,38937,594 Proportion of population (%) Aged under Aged Aged 65 & over

Table 1: Amount of waste generated in Hong Kong Table 2: Amount of waste generated in Sai Kung Types of wasteDomestic wasteCommercial & Industrial waste Municipal Solid Waste amount of waste contributed by each person /kg per day Publicly collected Privately collected Quantity in Sai Kung in 2005, including TKO /tpd (% out of total) 185 (3%)97 (7%)162 (6%)444 (5%)1.35 Types of wasteDomestic wasteCommercial & Industrial waste Municipal Solid Waste amount of waste contributed by each person /kg per day Publicly collected Privately collected Quantity in Hong Kong in 2005 /tpd 5,3661,4622,5499, How much waste is produced?

Amount of waste produced in the 4 areas As there is no specific information on the population statistics and amount of waste produced in each of our study areas, we assume that most of the population is located in the villages and town centre and therefore these areas have a higher waste production.

Who are the MSW producers in the 4 areas? 1. Sea a. Tourists b. Residents c. Small businesses d. Fishing Industry 2. Country Parks a. Tourists (campers and hikers) 3. Village Clusters a. Residents b. Small businesses c. Farmers

4. Sai Kung Town Centre Residents Tourists Business sector – restaurants, shops, bars, government offices Industries – construction, shipyards, paint manufacturers, marina Schools Who are the MSW producers in the 4 areas?

What type of waste is produced? 1. Sea plastic, food, aluminum cans 2. Country Parks plastic, food, aluminum cans 3. Village Clusters food waste, plastic, alumnium cans, paper, clothing, furniture, electronics, batteries, cardboard, glass, vegetation waste.

4. Sai Kung Town Centre a. Residents - food waste, plastic, aluminium cans, paper, clothing, furniture, electronics, batteries, cardboard, glass b. Tourists -plastic, food waste, aluminum cans c. Business Sector - paper, cardboard, plastic, aluminum cans, glass, food waste, styrofoam d. Industries - plastic, food waste, aluminum cans, paper (excluding chemical and construction and demolition waste) e. Schools – paper, food waste, aluminum cans, styrofoam, cardboard, plastic What type of waste is produced?

Results of our questionnaire Residents Most residents throw out 1 bag of garbage each day. Most of them don’t recycle as its inconvenient. Restaurants Most restaurants throw out 1 to big bags on weekdays and up to 6 big bags on the weekend. They recycle aluminum cans and paper that the local pickers and private companies collect from them. Local pickers - Collect about 10 to 20 bags of recyclable materials each week -Collect paper, plastic and aluminum cans

Environmental Impacts 1.Air – smell and minimal methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonium production from rotting food – Garbage trucks (diesel) 2. Land – burden on landfill sites and leaching from garbage cans. 3. Noise – garbage trucks and collection 4. Biodiversity – in the country parks animals become dependent on food waste. 5. Poor visual appearance of land and seascape

Economic Impact Jobs – more waste, more jobs for collection. Income – local pickers can make money from recycables. Residents and businesses – not directly affected because they don’t have to pay for the waste they generate. Tourism and businesses – appearance of Sai Kung affects tourism. Private waste collectors - contracts

Social Impact Waste can cause hygeine problems Aesthetic value – people prefer a cleaner environment (what looks nice) Convenience – an easy way of disposing waste. Local pickers – less people recycle the more profit they can make.

Political Impact Waste management in Sai Kung is controlled by the Government. Therefore the most efficient and cost effective waste disposal and collection system is better for them. The government is responsible for developing and controlling the waste management system.

Stakeholders Environmental – Friends of Tai Long Wan, Friends of the earth, The Conservancy Association, Economic – local businesses (shops, restaurants, bars, tourists, water and recreation providers, fishing industry, private waste and recycling collectors Social – residents, local pickers, tourists Political – government departments involved – FEHD, AFCD, EPD, SKLC

Relationship between stakeholders Waste generators Waste collection points – refuse bins and recycling collection bins Refuse Transfer stations Landfill or recycling companies or exported FEHD and local pickers Government Depts. And private collectors Local Pickers

Hong Kong’s Current Waste Management Practice A. Our MSW management system relies on three large, strategic landfills together with a network of refuse transfer stations (RTSs) and collection services provided by both the Government and private sector. B. A voluntary recycling scheme is also in place which depends highly on local pickers to achieve the high rate of 40% recovery rate. However even with such a high recovery rate our current system is far from sustainable!

Sai Kung’s current waste management practice FEHD and private companies – collect waste from refuse bins and refuse collection points once a day. FEHD, LCSD and private collectors – empty the recycling bins. The waste from the refuse bins and refuse collection points are then sent to the SENT landfill.

Public Refuse Collection Points (RCP) Locations: –Sai Kung Market –Sports Center –Village –Car parks Location of Permanent off-street public collection points Hong Kong Island KowloonNew Territories & Outlying Islands (Sai Kung) Total Quantity (5) 159

Recycling Collection Points in Sai Kung LocationSeaCountry Parks Outlying Islands Village clusters Sai Kung Town Center Total Quantity Distribution in Sai Kung 1. Sea 2. Country Parks 3. Outlying Islands 4. Village clusters 5. Sai Kung Town Center

Our aim: Achieve sustainable waste management in Sai Kung 1. Sea 2. Country Parks 3. Village clusters 4. Sai Kung Town CentreLandfill site Wastes from the 4 areas reduced by: Recycling new technolgies education Burden to landfill is relieved Sorted wastes Lower the wastes output Provide enough facilities for sorting, composting trial scheme, education etc Recycling plants, technology for food wastes transformation into organic fuels etc.