Correlation Between Image Reproduction Preferences and Viewing Patterns Measured with a Head Mounted Eye Tracker Lisa A. Markel Jeff B. Pelz, Ph.D. Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute for Technology

Hypothesis An eye tracker can be used to determine eye movements and fixations while viewing pairs of images. Scenes type dependent Portraits -> face and other exposed flesh Landscapes -> sky and foliage People In Nature -> flesh, sky, and foliage

Hypothesis There is also anticipation that there will be a distinct viewing pattern when comparing pairs or sets of images. Patterns: Original->Reproduction Alternation Original->Reproduction Overall Scanning

Eye Tracker  Eye Tracking Device  Applied Science Laboratories Series 5000 Eye Tracking System  Characteristics  Captures eye line of gaze with respect to head  Non-invasive  Mobility

Series 5000 Eye Tracking System  Eye Monitor  Pupil Reflection  Corneal Reflection  Scene Monitor  Scene display  Eye line of gaze Landscape Scene 1 Original Reproduction 1 Reproduction 2 +

Methodology  Participants  8 total participants  Students and Friends  7 male and 1 female  Normal Color Vision

Methodology  Stimuli  5x7 inch Prints  KODAK DS 8650 Thermal Printer  One Original, Two Reproductions  Original - straight-through output path  Reproductions - same as original with selective changes  Scene Categories with 12 Images Each  Portrait  Landscape  People in Nature

Image Preparation KODAK Photo CD Film Originals Color Adjustment KODAK DS 8650 Thermal Prints

Scene Layout Landscape Scene 1 Original Reproduction 1 Reproduction 2

Methodology  Questions  Determine which of the two reproductions are preferred  Determine which of the two reproductions most closely matches the original The order in which these two questions are performed will alternate.

Data Collection ä Initial Data Stored on 8mm tape Landscape Scene 1 Original Reproduction 1 Reproduction 2 + Approximately 35 minutes for each subject

Data Collection ä Tape data was analyzed frame by frame to acquire fixation information ä Each subject ä Every Image ä Approximately 3 hrs per subject Scene 1 A B Original

Data Analysis ä Points connected to see view patterns Scene 1 A B Original

Data Collection ä Spread Sheet Parameters ä Total Viewing Time for Each Scene ä Viewing Location (Original, A, B) ä Total Number of Fixations ä Number of Fixations Per Second ä Run Length (How many sequential fixations in the same image ä Number of Point to Point Correlations

Graphing Data ä Spreadsheet was used to generate several graphs ä Provide graphic data for each parameters ä Show the distinctions ä Between two questions asked and fixation patterns ä Between Scene Type

Results - Total Viewing Time

Results - Point to Point Correlation

Results - Total Number of Fixations

General Results Like Better Match Original

General Results ä Fixations ä Time - Most subjects had longer fixation when they were asked to choose which they like better ä Correlation Points - Larger number when trying to match the original ä Total Number of Fixation - Larger for matching original

General Results ä Scene Content ä Landscapes - General concentration to main subject in the scene, secondary focus on sky, foliage ä Portraits - Concentration on facial features, secondary focus on clothing ä People in Nature - Primary focus to flesh, secondary focus to foliage, sky

Further Testing ä More Subjects ä Statistics - ANOVA A final report will be available on the Web: