Taxonom y a.k.a. Classification. Why do we classify things? We like things organized To have precise names of organisms Common names are too confusing.

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Presentation transcript:

Taxonom y a.k.a. Classification

Why do we classify things? We like things organized To have precise names of organisms Common names are too confusing –Panther, puma, cougar, mountain lion are all the same thing

Carolus Linnaeus-18 th century Developed classification system based on similarities in structure Today’s system is also based on genetics and biochemistry

Binomial Nomenclature Every species has 2 names 1 st word = genus—always capitalized 2 nd word = specific epithet—never capitalized Both names are underlined or italicized Both names together are the species

Canis lupus genusSpecific epithet Species name: Canis lupus

System of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class order Family genus species King Paul Came Over For Good Spaghetti

Species: smallest division This is the smallest division, containing the fewest number of organisms Every member of this group has the same characteristics Members of the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring

Genus: groups with similar characteristics examples: dog and wolf—same genus, different species horse and donkey – same genus, different species

Hey, did you know we’re related? Yeah, we’re sort of like cousins. Sorry, I like you and all, but we can’t have any babies together

Family: group of related genuses

Order: group of related families

Class: group of related orders

Class mammalia

Class reptilia

Phylum: group of related classes

Kingdom: group of related phyla

The 6 Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria: –bacteria and blue-green algae (blue-green bacteria) –Prokaryotes – have no organelles except ribosomes –All single celled –Can be heterotrophs or autotrophs –Have major differences in cell wall

Protista –Protozoa and algae –Heterotrophs or autotrophs –Mostly single celled, some multicelluar –All eukaryotes

Fungi –Mushrooms, molds, yeast –Some single celled, most multicellular –All heterotrophs –All eukaryotes

Plant –all multicellular –Complex –All autotrophs –All eukaryotes

Animal –All multicellular –Complex –Usually mobile, but sometimes not –All heterotrophs –All eukaryotes