14 Chapter 14 Databases in Electronic Commerce Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Fifth Edition, Rob and Coronel

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 2 In this chapter, you will learn: What electronic commerce (e-commerce) is How e-commerce affects the new economy About the different e-commerce styles About the Internet architectural components required to conduct electronic commerce About database design and implementation issues for electronic commerce applications What Extensible Markup Language (XML) is and why it is important

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 3 Definition –Bring new products, services, or ideas to market –Support and enhance business operations (including sales of products/services over the Web) Generally identified with Internet use External evidence is corporate Web site Prime revenue source Not an end in itself What is Electronic Commerce?

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 4 Changed business environment New economy Benefits –Ability to provide quick and convenient comparison shopping –24X7X365 operations –Global access –Lower entry barriers –Increased customer market knowledge Disadvantages –Hidden costs –Technology is not perfect –Thin profit margins –Security, loss of privacy, service levels, and legal issues E-Commerce Impact

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 5 E-Commerce Styles Figure 14.1

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 6 Managerial issues –Establishing partnerships Suppliers Distributors Vendors –Design and development of business plans Technological issues –Hardware and software –Well-planned architecture E-Commerce Architecture

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 7 E-Commerce Architecture (Con’t.) Figure 14.2

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 8 Internet Basic Services Internet TCP/IP Router WWW Web Page HTML Hyperlink URL HTTP Web Browser Web Server Web Site Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page FTP News and Discussion Group Services

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 9 Internet Basic Services Figure 14.3

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 10 Business Enabling Services Search Services Security Site Monitoring and Data Analysis Load Testing, Balancing, and Web Caching Usability Testing Personalization Web Development Database Integration Transaction Processing Content Management Messaging Wireless Device Support

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 11 Security Procedures and technology uses –Protection against accidental and intentional access –Warrantee identity of transaction’s participants Buyer Seller –Protect transaction data from unauthorized modifications during Internet travel –Protect resources (data and computer) Customers’ personal data Privacy issues Property against criminal activities

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 12 Sample E-Commerce Transaction Figure 14.4

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 13 Payment Processing Digital Cash –Digital equivalent of hard cash –Digital certificates verify identity of transaction participants –Low transaction costs –Lack of customer acceptance Credit Card purchasing –Most common for online purchasing –Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Electronic wallets

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 14 Don’t reinvent the wheel No need for ‘new’ design techniques Scope –Facilitate sales of products and services –Show products and services –Conduct basic sales transactions –Customer service –Product returns –Web customer profiling Database Design for E-Commerce

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 15 Basic Business Rules Sell products –PRODUCT and CUSTOMER Tables Customer may place multiple orders –1:M relationship between CUSTOMER and ORDER Order contains multiple lines –1:M relationship between ORDER and ORDLINE Order lines refer to one product –1:M between PRODUCT and ORDLINE

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 16 Basic Business Rules (Con’t.) Customer browses catalog by category –Each PRODUCT belongs to PRODTYPE Customer places products in shopping cart –SHOPCART belongs to one CUSTOMER and references one or more PRODUCTS Customer checks out and enters credit card and shipping info –Added to ORDER After credit card authorization order created –SHOPCARD used to create ORDER with ORDLINEs

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 17 Basic Business Rules (Con’t.) Merchant offers shipping options –SHIPOPTION stores details Merchant offers many payment options –PMTOPTION stores details States may have different tax rates –Stored in STATE and TAXRATE

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 18 CUSTOMER Table Details for each registered customer Some customers prefer not to register Primary table contents –Name and address information –Login information –Credit card information –Billing information –Shipping information –Membership type

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 19 PRODUCT Table Central entity in DB Some customers prefer not to register Primary table contents –Product details –URL of image –Vendor ID –Reorder –Pricing –Alternate item May need a PRODOPT table for options within a particular product

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 20 ORDER Table Contains all customer orders After credit card approval order added to table One row for each new order Primary table contents –Order date –Customer ID –Payment and credit card information –Shipping info –Cost info –Status

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 21 PRODTYPE Table Describes product categories Multiple levels Primary table contents –Product type name –Product type parent ORDLINE Table Contains items in customer order One product for each row Primary table contents Order ID Product ID Quantity Tax

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 22 SHOPCART Table Temporarily store products during shopping activity Primary table contents –Product ID –Quantity PMTTYPE Table Payment information Primary table contents Payment name Merchant ID used by processing systems

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 23 SHIPTYPE Table Stores different shipping option names Primary table contents –Shipping name –Cost TAXRATE Table Tax information Primary table contents Rate State for that rate

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 24 STATE Table Stores state names Primary table contents –State ID –State name PROMOTION Table Stores information about promotions Primary table contents Promotion Name Promotion details Promotion pricing and quantity

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 25 PRICEWATCH Table Information about particular products customers hope to buy when the price drops Primary table contents –Customer information –Product information PRODPRICE Table Manages multilevel pricing based on quantity Primary table contents Product Quantity Pricing information

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 26 Meta-language Represents and manipulates data elements Facilitates exchange of structured documents over the Web World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published standard definition in 1998 Allows definition of meta-tags to describe data elements Extensible Markup Language (XML)

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 27 XML Characteristics Allows definition of new tags Case sensitive –Tags must be well-formed –Proper nesting required Can use to enter comments XML or xml prefixes reserved for XML tags only Not a replacement for HTML

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 28 Contents of ProductList.xml Figure 14.5

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 29 Document Type Definition (DTD) File with.dtd extension to describe XML elements Provides composition of database’s logical model Defines syntax rules for each XML document Defines valid tags

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 30 XML Schema Advanced data definition language used to describe structure of XML documents Checks for database types Validates data for out-of-range values XML Schema Definition (XSD) file uses syntax like XML document

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 31 Extensible Style Language (XSL) Specifies rules for display of XML data Two parts –Extensible Style Language Transformation (XSLT) General mechanism to extract and process data from one XML document and transform within another –XSL style sheets Defines presentation rules applied to XML elements Describes formatting options for different XML elements Limited browser support

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 32 Framework for XML Transformations Figure 14.10

14 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5 th Edition, Rob & Coronel 33 B2B exchanges Legacy system integration Web page development Database support Database meta-dictionaries XML databases XML services XML Applications