1 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Chapter 4 計算機算數
2 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Outline
3 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Problem: Designing MIPS ALU
4 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Functional Specification
5 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers A Bit-slice ALU
6 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers A 1-bit ALU
7 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers A 4-bit ALU
8 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers How about Subtraction?
9 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Revised Diagram
10 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Overflow
11 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Overflow Detection
12 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Overflow Detection Logic
13 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Zero Detection Logic
14 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Putting It Altogether (I)
15 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Putting It Altogether (II)
16 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
17 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Problems with Ripple Carry Adder
18 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Carry Lookahead: Theory (I)
19 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Carry Lookahead: Theory (II)
20 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Cascaded Carry Lookahead
21 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
22 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Carry-select Adder
23 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Add XOR to ALU
24 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Shifters
25 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Combinational Shifter What comes in the MSBs? how many levels for 32-bit shifter? what if we use 4-1 Muxes ?
26 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Outline
27 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Multiplication in MIPS
28 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Division in MIPS
29 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers MIPS Multiply/Divide Summary
30 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Unsigned Multiply
31 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Unisigned Multiplier (Ver. 1)
32 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
33 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Observations: Multiply Ver. 1
34 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Unisigned Multiplier (Ver. 2)
35 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
36 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Unisigned Multiplier (Ver. 3)
37 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
38 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Observations: Multiply Ver. 3
39 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Booth’s Algorithm: Motivation
40 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Booth’s Algorithm: Rationale
41 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Booth’s Algorithm
42 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Booths Example (2 x 7)
43 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Booths Example (2 x -3)
44 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Combinational Multiplier
45 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers How Does It Work?
46 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Outline
47 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Divide: Paper & Pencil
48 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Divide Hardware (Version 1)
49 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
50 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Observations: Divide Version 1
51 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Divide Hardware (Version 2)
52 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
53 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Observations: Divide Version 2
54 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Divide Hardware (Version 3)
55 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
56 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Observations: Divide Version 3
57 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Outline
58 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Floating-Point: Motivation
59 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Scientific Notation: Binary
60 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers FP Representation
61 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Double Precision Representation
62 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers IEEE 754 Standard (1/4)
63 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers IEEE 754 Standard (2/4)
64 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers IEEE 754 Standard (3/4)
65 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers IEEE 754 Standard (4/4)
66 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Example: FP to Decimal
67 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Continuing Example: Binary to ???
68 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Big Idea: Type Not Associated with Data
69 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Example: Decimal to FP
70 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Representation for 0
71 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Special Numbers
72 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Representation for +/- Infinity
73 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Representation for Not a Number
74 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Special Numbers (cont’d)
75 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Floating-Point Addition
76 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
77 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Floating-Point Multiplication (4) set the sign of product
78 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers MIPS Floating Point
79 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers MIPS Floating Point Instructions Organized as a coprocessor –Separate registers $f0-$f31 –Separate operations –Separate data transfer (to same memory) Basic operations –add.s - single add.d - double –sub.s - single sub.d - double –mul.s - single mul.d - double –div.s - single div.d - double
80 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers MIPS Floating Point Instructions (cont’d) Data transfer –lwc1, swcl (l.s, s.s) - load/store float to fp reg –l.d, s.d - load/store double to fp reg pair Testing / branching –c.lt.s, c.lt.d, c.eq.s, c.eq.d, … compare and set condition bit if true –bclt - branch if condition true –bclf - branch if condition false
81 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Rounding
82 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Round to Even
83 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Floating Point Fallacy
84 Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Summary