The Gilded Age I. The New South A. Visions of a New South B. The Economy C. African-Americans D. The Jim Crow South E. The Black Response

Post-Civil War Southern Economy  Textiles

Post-Civil War Southern Economy  Textiles  Tobacco

Post-Civil War Southern Economy  Textiles  Tobacco  Coal

Post-Civil War Southern Economy  Textiles  Tobacco  Coal  Iron and Steel

Post-Civil War Southern Economy  Textiles  Tobacco  Coal  Iron and Steel  Lumber Industry

Southern Agriculture  Single Cash Crop Economy

Southern Agriculture  Single Cash Crop Economy  Mostly Cotton and Tobacco

Southern Agriculture  Single Cash Crop Economy  Cotton and Tobacco mostly  Sharecropping and Tenant Farming

Southern Agriculture  Single Cash Crop Economy  Cotton and Tobacco mostly  Sharecropping and Tenant Farming  Crop Lien System

 After the Civil War, the price of cotton immediately went up to $1.00 per pound  Then began a steady downward spiral  cents/pound  less than 5 cents/pound

 After the Civil War, the price of cotton immediately went up to $1.00 per pound  Then began a steady downward spiral  cents/pound  less than 5 cents/pound  As a result- farmers had to plant more and more cotton to survive

The Jim Crow South  Disenfranchisement (loss of the vote)

The Jim Crow South  Disenfranchisement (loss of the vote)  Grandfather Clause

The Jim Crow South  Disenfranchisement (loss of the vote) 1. Grandfather clause 2. Poll Tax

The Jim Crow South  Disenfranchisement (loss of the vote) 1. Grandfather clause 2. Poll Tax 3. Literacy Tests

The Jim Crow South  Disenfranchisement (loss of the vote) 1. Grandfather clause 2. Poll Tax 3. Literacy Tests  Results La-1896: 130,000 blacks registered La-1904: 1,300 !

The Jim Crow South  Jim Crow Laws: Legalized Segregation in all public and private facilities 1. Transportation 2. Schools 3. Libraries 4. Drinking Fountains 5. Even morgues and funeral parlors!

Sharecropper in cabin

Homer Plessy

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896  The Case: Homer Plessy, 1/8th black, refused to ride in a whites-only RR car, and was arrested. Case appealed to Supreme Ct.

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896  The Case: Homer Plessy, 1/8th black, refused to ride in a whites-only RR car, and was arrested. Case appealed to Supreme Ct.  The Ruling: SEPARATE facilities were OK as long as they were EQUAL.

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896  The Case: Homer Plessy, 1/8th black, refused to ride in a whites-only RR car, and was arrested. Case appealed to Supreme Ct.  The Ruling: SEPARATE facilities were OK as long as they were EQUAL.  Results: Legalized Jim Crow Segregation until 1954 (Brown v. Board of Education)

Ida B. Wells- Anti-Lynching Newspaper Editor

Other Important Black Leaders  T. Thomas Fortune: helped found NAACP  “Pap” Singleton: tried to form black “colonies” in the West  Henry Turner: Organized “Back to Africa” Movement

W.E.B. Dubois

 Well Educated--first African-American to receive PhD from Harvard

W.E.B. Dubois  Well Educated--first African-American to receive PhD from Harvard  Wanted total equality immediately

W.E.B. Dubois  Well Educated--first African-American to receive PhD from Harvard  Wanted total equality immediately  Wanted traditional higher education for blacks

W.E.B. Dubois  Well Educated--first African-American to receive PhD from Harvard  Wanted total equality immediately  Wanted traditional higher education for blacks  The Souls of Black Folk (1903)

W.E.B. Dubois  Well Educated--first African-American to receive PhD from Harvard  Wanted total equality immediately  Wanted traditional higher education for blacks  The Souls of Black Folk (1903)  The Niagara Movement--led to NAACP

Booker T. Washington

 Born a slave in Alabama

Booker T. Washington  Born a slave in Alabama  Believed in vocational education for blacks

Booker T. Washington  Born a slave in Alabama  Believed in vocational education for blacks  Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Booker T. Washington  Born a slave in Alabama  Believed in vocational education for blacks  Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama  Believed in gradual equality

Booker T. Washington  Born a slave in Alabama  Believed in vocational education for blacks  Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama  Believed in gradual equality  Accused of being an accomodationist or Uncle Tom

Booker T. Washington  Born a slave in Alabama  Believed in vocational education for blacks  Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama  Believed in gradual equality  Accused of being an accommodationist or Uncle Tom  Received much white support