Phy100: Heat transport 1) Three basic forms of thermal heat transport i) Conduction; ii) Convection; iii) Radiation.

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Presentation transcript:

Phy100: Heat transport 1) Three basic forms of thermal heat transport i) Conduction; ii) Convection; iii) Radiation.

Conduction and collisions Microscopically, heat conduction occurs by means of collisions between molecules or atoms in crystals or diffusions of electrons in metals. The following pictures Illustrate such processes.

Examples of heat conduction

= heat transferred in time t = thermal conductivity of the barrier A= area T= temperature d = thickness of barrier Heat conduction rate or power

SI units Q/t: J/s or Watts A: m^2 d: m T: Kelvin k: W /m K

Temperature units: ºC, K, ºF Absolute temperature (in units of Kelvin) is a measure of thermal energy – energy of vibrating molecules, atoms. Kelvin Scale, Celsius scale or centigrade scale, Fahrenheit scale

Q1 Last July, temperatures in Death Valley, Nevada/California reached a record of 131 F. In centigrade scale or Celsius degree, or centi degree, this corresponds to 1) 38C; 2) 45C; 3) 50C; 4) 55C.

Thermal conductivity table Copper 385 (in units of W/m K) Gold 314 Iron 79.5 Steel 50.2 Glass 0.8 Concrete 0.8 Brick, insulating 0.15 Brick, red 0.6 Wood Fiberglass 0.04 Styrofoam Polyurethane 0.02 Air (0c) 0.024

Q2 Which of the following reduces the heat conduction of a house in winters? 1)Increases the surface area; 2)Decreases the thickness of walls; 3)Use double pane windows instead of single pane ones. 4) Keep house temperatures a few degrees higher.

R value This is a quantity usually used to specify house insulation properties in construction bussiness. R = d /k Q/t = A (T 2 - T 1 )/R R is defined in US units: (ft 2 ·°F·hr/BTU) BTU A British Thermal Unit (BTU) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree F. I BTU=1055 Joules 1 R = m 2 ∙0.55 °C∙3600s/1055J = 0.17 m 2 ∙°K ∙s/J

Etext, tutorial problems and resource center 1)We are going to use etext materials next week. 2)You can get help for MP problems at Resource center (Henning 208).