H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 1 Harut Avakian (JLab) SIDIS at EIC SIDIS at EIC Gluons and the quark sea at high energies, INT Nov 9, 2010 TMDs and spin-orbit.

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Presentation transcript:

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 1 Harut Avakian (JLab) SIDIS at EIC SIDIS at EIC Gluons and the quark sea at high energies, INT Nov 9, 2010 TMDs and spin-orbit correlations P T -distributions Higher twists in SIDIS Nuclear modifications Kaons vs pions MC-simulations Projections for observables Conclusions

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 22 Single hadron production in hard scattering Measurements in different kinematical regions provide complementary information on the complex nucleon structure. x F - momentum in the CM frame x F >0 (current fragmentation) x F <0 (target fragmentation) h h Target fragmentationCurrent fragmentation Fracture Functions xFxF M 0 1 h h PDF GPD k T -dependent PDFsGeneralized PDFs PDF h FF DA exclusivesemi-inclusive semi-exclusive

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 3 k T -dependent PDFs and FFs: “new testament” No analog in twist-2 appear in sin  moment of A LU and A UL quark-gluon-quark correlations responsible for azimuthal moments in the cross section Baccetta, Diehl, Goeke, Metz, Mulders, Schlegel EPJ-2007

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 4 Electroproduction kinematics: JLab12→EIC JLab  0.1<x B <0.7 valence quarks EIC provides access to: EIC JLab12 Q2Q2 EIC collider experiments H1, ZEUS <x B <0.02 EIC <x B <0.3 gluons (and quarks) fixed target experiments COMPASS  0.006<x B <0.3 HERMES  0.02<xB<0.3 gluons/valence and sea quarks EIC (4x60): wide range of Q 2 for a fixed x wide range of P T small x region wide range of Q 2 for a fixed x wide range of P T small x region

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 55 SIDIS: partonic cross sections kTkT P T = p ┴ +z k T p┴p┴ Ji,Ma,Yuan Phys.Rev.D71:034005,2005 How sensitive are SIDIS observables to x-k T correlations?

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 66 Quark distributions at large k T : lattice Higher probability to find a quark anti-aligned with proton spin at large k T and b T B.Musch et al arXiv: B.Pasquini et al Higher probability to find a d-quark at large k T

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 77 Quark distributions at large k T : lattice B.Musch et al arXiv:  u/u JMR model q Dq M R, R=s,a Sign change of  u/u consistent between lattice and diquark model

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 8

999 Hadronic PT-distriutions H. Mkrtchyan et al.H. Mkrtchyan et al. Phys.Lett.B665:20-25,2008. NJL model, H.Matevosyan

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 10 DIS vs SIDIS → additional hadron detection. Flavor decomposition in SIDIS Frascati, Oct 17 COMPASS data only HERMES COMPASS DIS COMPASS HERMES SIDIS

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 11 H.Avakian, JLab, Oct Acceptances and efficiencies How acceptance in  and P T affect the A 1 and  s extractions in SIDIS? HERMES EIC

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 12 cos  moment in A LL -P T -dependence P T -dependence of cos  moment of double spin asymmetry is most sensitive to k T - distributions of quarks with spin orientations along and opposite to the proton spin. hep-ph/  0 2 =0.25GeV 2  D 2 =0.2GeV 2 CLAS PRELIMINARY

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 13 A 1 A 1 P T -dependence CLAS data suggests that width of g 1 is less than the width of f 1 Anselmino Collins Lattice New CLAS data would allow multidimensional binning to study k T -dependence for fixed x PTPT PTPT arXiv:

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 14 A 1 P T -dependence in SIDIS M.Anselmino et al hep-ph/ A LL  ) sensitive to difference in k T distributions for f 1 and g 1 Wide range in P T allows studies of transition from TMD to perturbative approach  0 2 =0.25GeV 2  D 2 =0.2GeV 2 Perturbative limit calculations available for : J.Zhou, F.Yuan, Z Liang: arXiv:

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 15 Beam SSA for exclusive pions Sign flip at z ~ 0.5 At z>0.5 struck quark in pion W 2 >4 GeV 2,Q 2 >1 GeV GeV 5.7 GeV LUND-MC -t < 0.5GeV 2 15

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 16 No x-dependence? Change the sign at low z? Beam SSA: A LU from COMPASS & HERMES &5.7GeV

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 17 SSA at large x F ANL  s=4.9 GeV BNL  s=6.6 GeV FNAL  s=19.4 GeV RHIC  s=62.4 GeV 0 moves to lower x F with energy?

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 18 Beam SSA: A LU from JLab 0.5<z<0.8 Beam SSA from hadronization (Collins effect) by Schweitzer et al. Photon Sivers Effect Afanasev & Carlson, Metz & Schlegel, Gamberg et al. Beam SSA from initial distribution (Boer-Mulders TMD) F.Yuan using h 1 ┴ from MIT bag model Collins contribution should be suppressed → g┴ wanted !!!

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 19 x PTPT hh S=S= y HT function related to force on the quark. M.Burkardt (2008) Chiral odd HT-distribution How can we separate the HT contributions? Compare single hadron and dihadron SSAs Only 2 terms with common unknown HT G~ term! M.Radici

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 20 Jet limit: Higher Twist azimuthal asymmetries No leading twist, provide access to quark- gluon correlations H.A.,A.Efremov,P.Schweitzer,F.Yuan arXiv: “interaction dependent” Twist-2 Twist-3 First data available from lattice!

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 21 Modification of Cahn effect Large cosn  moments observed at COMPASS Bag model arXiv: Gao, Liang & Wang Nuclear modification of Cahn may provide info on k T broadening and proton TMDs total transverse momentum broadening squared

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 22 LEPTO/PEPSI: quark distributions Need to model TMDs in LUND MC Implemented in PEPSI modification to LEPTO done by A. Kotzinian Add different widths for q+ and q- z>0.1 z>0.3 MC with Cahn Event Generator with polarized electron and nucleon: PEPSI,…. Acceptance check Design parameters Smearing/resolution routines Use GEANT as input Physics analysis using the “reconstructed” event sample

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 23 EIC MC simulations Different MC used in EIC simulations are consistent (Xin Qian)

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 24 Nonperturbative TMD Perturbative region  sin  LU ~F LU ~ 1/Q (Twist-3) In the perturbative limit 1/P T behavior expected Study for SSA transition from non-perturbative to perturbative regime. EIC will significantly increase the P T range. P T -dependence of beam SSA 4x days, L=10 33 cm -2 s -1

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 25  sin  LU(UL) ~F LU(UL) ~ 1/Q (Twist-3) 1/Q behavior expected (fixed x bin) Study for Q 2 dependence of beam SSA allows to check the higher twist nature and access quark-gluon correlations. Q 2 -dependence of beam SSA

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 26 Sivers effect: pion electroproduction EIC measurements at small x will pin down sea contributions to Sivers function S. ArnoldS. Arnold et al arXiv: M. AnselminoM. Anselmino et al arXiv: GRV98, Kretzer FF (4par) GRV98, DSS FF (8par)

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 27 Sivers effect: Kaon electroproduction At small x of EIC Kaon relative rates higher, making it ideal place to study the Sivers asymmetry in Kaon production (in particular K-). Combination with CLAS12 data will provide almost complete x-range. EIC CLAS12

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 28 Sivers effect: sea contributions Negative Kaons most sensitive to sea contributions. Biggest uncertainty in experimental measurements (K- suppressed at large x). GRV98, DSS FF S. ArnoldS. Arnold et al arXiv: M. AnselminoM. Anselmino et al arXiv: GRV98, Kretzer FF

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 29 Identification using the missing mass may be possible    detected CLAS12 EIC4x60 FAST-MC Kaon production in SIDIS  (p) = *p [GeV] %

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 30  (p) = *p [GeV] % EIC 4x60 (Lumi 10 33,cm -2 sec -1, ~1 hour) K*s can be studied with EIC =0.1, =4

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 31 H.Avakian, JLab, Oct HERMES

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 32 Collins asymmetry - proton Is there a link between HERMES and BRAHMS Kaon vs pion moments (K- has the same sign as K+ and pi+, comparable with K+)? “Kaon puzzle” in spin-orbit correlations

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 33 Collins effect Simple string fragmentation (Artru model) Leading pion out of page ( - direction ) If unfavored Collins fragmentation dominates measured  - vs  +, why K- vs K+ is different? L z kicked in the opposite to the leading pion(into the page) Sub-leading pion opposite to leading (double kick into the page) L   33

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 34 Boer-Mulders Asymmetry with CLAS12 & EIC CLAS12 and EIC studies of transition from non-perturbative to perturbative regime will provide complementary info on spin-orbit correlations and test unified theory (Ji et al) Nonperturbative TMD Perturbative region Transversely polarized quarks in the unpolarized nucleon - CLAS12 EIC ep 5-GeV50 GeV sin(  C ) =cos(2  h ) Perturbative limit calculations available for : J.Zhou, F.Yuan, Z Liang: arXiv:

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 35 From CLAS12 to EIC: Kotzinian-Mulders Effect Study Collins fragmentation using transversely polarized quarks in a longitudinally polarized nucleon.  UL ~ KM Transversely polarized quarks in the longitudinally polarized nucleon Worm gear

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 36 EIC EIC measurement combined with CLAS12 will provide a complete kinematic range for pretzelosity measurements 5x50 e  X positivity bound -- ++ helicity-transversity=pretzelosity In models (bag, diquark) pretzelosity defines the OAM

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 37 Collins Effect: from asymmetries to distributions Combined analysis of Collins fragmentation asymmetries from proton and deuteron may provide independent to e+e- (BELLE/BABAR) Information on the underlying Collins function. need

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 38  production in the target fragmentation x F - momentum in the CM frame Wide kinematical coverage of EIC would allow studies of hadronization in the target fragmentation region (fracture functions)  polarization in TFR provides information on contribution of strange sea to proton spin Study polarized diquark fracture functions sensitive to the correlations between struck quark transverse momentum and the diquark spin. xF()xF() EICCLAS12 (ud)-diquark is a spin and isospin singlet s-quark carries whole spin of  J.Ellis, D.Kharzeev, A. Kotzinian ‘96 W.Melnitchouk and A.W.Thomas ‘96

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 39 Sivers effect in the target fragmentation A.Kotzinian Separation of current and target fragmentation at EIC will allow studies of kinematic dependences of the Sivers effect in target fragmentation region x F >0 (current fragmentation) x F <0 (target fragmentation) Fracture Functions M h

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 40 Summary Studies of spin and azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive processes at EIC : Provide detailed info on partonic spin-orbit correlations Measure transverse momentum distributions of partons at small x, in a wide range of Q. Study quark-gluon correlations (HT) in nucleon and nucleus Need realistic MC simulations (LUND,Geant) to check sensitivity to various effects related to the transverse structure of the nucleon Need more theory (+lattice) support for HT  EIC : Measurements related to the spin, spin orbit and quark-gluon correlations combined with JLab12 HERMES,COMPASS, RHIC,BELLE,BABAR,Fermilab,J-PARC,GSI data will help construct a more complete picture about the spin structure of the nucleon beyond the collinear approximation.

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 41 Support slides….

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 42

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 43 MC simulations using NJL

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 44 M.Osipenko

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 45 k T and FSI l l’ x,k T proton spectator system The difference is coming from final state interactions (different remnant) Tang,Wang & Zhou Phys.Rev.D77:125010,2008 lTlT l l’ x,k’ T l’ T spectator system nucleus total transverse momentum broadening squared BHS 2002 Collins 2002 Ji,Yuan 2002 soft gluon exchanges included in the distribution function (gauge link)

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 46 Nuclear broadening Hadronic PT-distriutions Large PT may have significant nuclear contribution

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 47 JLab, Nov Azimuthal moments with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 48 JLab, Nov Azimuthal moments with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 49 JLab, Nov SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 50 JLab, Nov SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 51 SSA with long. polarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 52 SSA with long. polarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 53 SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 54 SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 55 Twist-3 PDFs : “new testament”

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 56 High energy quarks at small angles Struck quark kinematics (EIC 4x60) qq

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 57 Quark distributions at large k T Higher probability to find a hadron at large P T in nuclei k T -distributions may be wider in nuclei? P T = p ┴ +z k T bigger effect at large z

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 58 Hadronic P T -distriutions H. Mkrtchyan et al.H. Mkrtchyan et al. Phys.Lett.B665:20-25,2008.

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 59 SIDIS (  *p->  X) x-section at leading twist Measure Boer-Mulders distribution functions and probe the polarized fragmentation function Measurements from different experiments consistent TMD PDFs

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 60 Transverse force on the polarized quarks Interpreting HT (quark-gluon-quark correlations) as force on the quarks (Burkardt hep-ph: ) Quark polarized in the x-direction with k T in the y-direction Force on the active quark right after scattering (t=0)

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 61 EIC: Kinematics Coverage Major part of current particles at large angles in Lab frame (PID at large angles crucial). ep 5 GeV50 GeV e’  + X all x F >0 z>0.3 EIC-MC x F >0 (CFR) x F <0 ( TFR) EIC-MC

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 62 EIC medium energy Electron energy: 3-11 GeV Proton energy: GeV – More symmetric kinematics provides better resolution and particle id Luminosity: ~ cm -2 s -1 – in range around s ~ 1000 GeV 2 Polarized electrons and light ions –longitudinal and transverse Limited R&D needs 3 interaction regions (detectors) Potential upgrade with high-energy ring Main Features Electron energy: 4-20 GeV Proton energy: GeV – More symmetric kinematics provides better resolution and particle id Luminosity: ~ cm -2 s -1 – in range around s ~ GeV 2 Polarized electrons and light ions –longitudinal and transverse Limited R&D needs ? interaction regions (detectors) 90% of hardware can be reused Slides are for a “generic” US version of an EIC (5x50 or 4x60): polarized beams (longitudinal and transverse, > 70%) luminosities of at least 10 33

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 63 JETSET:Single particle production in hard scattering Lund-MC should be modified to allow checks of sensitivity of measurements to different effects related to the transverse structure - Before - After quarkTarget remnant LUND Fragmentation Functions

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 64 Cross section is a function of scale variables x,y,z z SIDIS kinematical plane and observables U unpolarized L long.polarized T trans.polarized Beam polarization Target polarization sin2  moment of the cross section for unpolarized beam and long. polarized target

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 65 Identification using the missing mass may be possible    detected CLAS12 EIC4x60 FAST-MC Kaon production in SIDIS  (p) = *p [GeV] %

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 66 JLab, Nov Azimuthal moments with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 67 JLab, Nov Azimuthal moments with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 68 JLab, Nov SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 69 JLab, Nov SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 70 SSA with long. polarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 71 SSA with long. polarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 72 SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 73 SSA with unpolarized target quark polarization

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 74 Single hadron production in hard scattering Measurements in different kinematical regions provide complementary information on the complex nucleon structure. x F - momentum in the CM frame x F >0 (current fragmentation) x F <0 (target fragmentation) h h Target fragmentationCurrent fragmentation Fracture Functions xFxF M 0 1 h h PDF GPD k T -dependent PDFsGeneralized PDFs PDF h FF DA exclusivesemi-inclusive semi-exclusive

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 75  production in the target fragmentation x F - momentum in the CM frame Wide kinematical coverage of EIC would allow studies of hadronization in the target fragmentation region (fracture functions)  polarization in TFR provides information on contribution of strange sea to proton spin Study polarized diquark fracture functions sensitive to the correlations between struck quark transverse momentum and the diquark spin. xF()xF() EICCLAS12 (ud)-diquark is a spin and isospin singlet s-quark carries whole spin of 

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 76 Collins effect Simple string fragmentation for pions (Artru model) leading pion out of page  production may produce an opposite sign A UT Leading  opposite to leading  (into page)  hep-ph/ Fraction of  in e  X % left from e  X asm 20% 40% ~75% ~50% Fraction of direct kaons may be significantly higher than the fraction of direct pions. LUND-MC L z L z 

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 77 K/K* and  separations Detection of K+ crucial for separation of different final states ( ,K*)

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 78 Sivers effect in the target fragmentation A.Kotzinian High statistics of CLAS12 will allow studies of kinematic dependences of the Sivers effect in target fragmentation region

H. Avakian, INT, Nov GeV compass hermes JLab ( upgraded ) Q2Q2 EIC HERA ENC Hard Scattering Processes: Kinematics Coverage Study of high x domain requires high luminosity, low x higher energies collider experiments H1, ZEUS (EIC) <x B <0.02 (0.3): gluons (and quarks) in the proton fixed target experiments COMPASS, HERMES  0.006/0.02<x B <0.3 : gluons/valence and sea quarks  0.1<x B <0.7 : valence quarks JLab12 EIC(4x60) ENC(3x15) Q2Q2

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 80 Hard Scattering Processes: Kinematics Coverage Study of high x domain requires high luminosity, low x higher energies collider experiments H1, ZEUS (EIC) <x B <0.02 (0.3): gluons (and quarks) in the proton fixed target experiments COMPASS, HERMES  0.006/0.02<x B <0.3 : gluons/valence and sea quarks  0.1<x B <0.7 : valence quarks 27 GeV compass hermes JLab ( upgraded ) Q2Q2 EIC HERA ENC JLab12 EIC ENC Q2Q2

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 81 hep:arXiv

H. Avakian, INT, Nov 9 82 TMDs: QCD based predictions Large-Nc limit (Pobilitsa) Brodsky & Yuan (2006) Burkardt (2007) Large-x limit Do not change sign (isoscalar) All others change sign u→d (isovector)