environmental microbiology & applied & industrial microbiology chapters 27 & 28 environmental microbiology & applied & industrial microbiology

microbial diversity and habitats habitat diversity unique C and E sources metabolic strategies fermentation  respiration heterotrophy  phototrophy symbioses ruminants mycorrhizae extreme environments pH temperature salinity pressure

biogeochemical cycling: the carbon cycle 3

biogeochemical cycling: the nitrogen cycle 4

nitrogen fixation

biogeochemical cycling: the sulfur cycle

life without sunshine H2S SO42–

microbial decomposition

composting & bioconversion

Chapter 27 learning objectives Discuss the metabolic strategies and environments that make microbes more versatile than multicellular organisms. Discuss the roles of bacteria in nitrogen, carbon and sulfur cycling. What are the basic steps in these processes? Who fixes nitrogen, and why are there so few types of organisms that do? Discuss the role of the chemoautotroph in extreme environments. Define and discuss bioremediation and bioaugmentation. Discuss composting and bioconversion. Contrast the different types of fuels made during bioconversion.

Chapter 28

microbial water pollution ONPG ONP (yellow) - galactosidase MUG fluorescent compound -glucuronidase

food preservation

microorganisms in food production

bioreactors

industrial products

Chapter 28 learning objectives How are microorganisms used to indicate water pollution? Generally, how are foods treated to avoid spoilage? How are microbes involved in cheese, bread, alcohol and thickener production? How are microbes used in industry? Discuss primary and secondary metabolites and how the terms bioreactors, trophophase and idiophase relate to the production of these metabolites.