CCU’s Environmental Quality Lab: Investigation of Ocean Outfalls in Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, SC Joseph Bennett and Susan Libes.

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Presentation transcript:

CCU’s Environmental Quality Lab: Investigation of Ocean Outfalls in Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach, SC Joseph Bennett and Susan Libes

Stormwater Pipes Pipes on Beach 2 to 3 inch diameters Outfall Pipes 60 + inch diameters ft offshore Myrtle Beach 25 th Ave S (June 2003) 53 rd Ave. N (delayed) 14 th Ave. N. (Fall 2005) North Myrtle Beach 6 th Ave. S. (installed 2004) 33 rd Ave S. and ? One in construction

SC DHEC OCRM Permit Requirements Onshore Stormwater Quality Study Characterize composition of outfall emissions Treatment devices In-Situ Water Quality Study Evaluate the impact of runoff on nearshore ?Flows Dispersion Discharge

Potential Impacts of Concern Bacteria Swimming Eutrophication Dissolved Oxygen ?Animals Toxics Salinity

Potential Parameters Enteroccoci Dissolved Oxygen Nutrients Oxygen Demanding Substances (BOD 5 ) Chlorophyll Turbidity Salinity Temperature

Potential Sampling Strategies Following rain events Onshore Offshore Controls: What is normal for Long Bay? Dry weather(onshore and offshore) ?Geographic Pre and post construction Sites with little runoff Sites with lots of runoff

Stormwater Runoff Sources Tidal Creeks (swashes) Withers Swash: 35 to 40 cfs non-rain Midway Swash: 10 to 15 cfs non-rain Pipes on Beach Face Outfall Pipes

Longshore Flow

What is normal? What is acceptable? Impacts Water Quality Animals Fisheries Natural populations Loading Beach Pipes Outfall Pipes Swashes Management Regulatory Criteria Benchmarks Thresholds Monitoring

Violations of Federal Swimming Criteria for Enterococcus Along Grand Strand Beaches

Salinity Temperature ( o C) % SaturationDO (ppm) Springmaid Pier 7/20/04

DO (ppm)% Saturation Temperature ( o C)Salinity 2 nd Ave N. Pier 7/20/2004

Bottom Water Quality: Longitudinal Transect Along Pier

0 m 3 m ? Low DO 5 m Longitudinal Model of Hypoxic Zone Pier to 200 m

Time-line Surface Cooling: July 1 – July 30 Rain fall 7/9, 1.0 inches 7/18, 2.2 inches Sampling 7/20: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/22: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/23: Cherry Grove and Apache + DNR transects Flounder Jubilee July 15 – 23 July 23 – 28: tapered down

Rain Fall Amounts Near Locations of Major Freshwater Input to Surf Zone

Time-line Surface Cooling: July 1 – July 30 Rain fall 7/9, 1.0 inches 7/18, 2.2 inches Sampling 7/20: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/22: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/23: Cherry Grove and Apache + DNR transects Flounder Jubilee July 15 – 23 July 23 – 28: tapered down

pH measurements along Grand Strand, July 23, 2004

RainNo Rain Rain

Time-line Surface Cooling: July 1 – July 30 Rain fall 7/9, 1.0 inches 7/18, 2.2 inches Sampling 7/20: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/22: 2 nd Ave N and Springmaid 7/23: Cherry Grove and Apache + DNR transects Biotic Impacts Flounder Jubilee Benthic invertebrate kills at Huntington Beach and Pawleys Island

Causative Agents Coastal Upwelling Summer Cooling Plankton Bloom Elevated Chlorophylls Nutrients Stormwater Runoff Pipes and swashes discharge on beach Off-shore discharge pipes Raw Sewage Spill

RainNo RainRain

N deficient growth P deficient growth Guildford and Hecky, 2000

Causative Agents Coastal Upwelling Summer cooling Plankton Bloom Elevated Chlorophylls Nutrients Stormwater Runoff Pipes and swashes discharge on beach Off-shore discharge pipes Raw Sewage Spill

Causative Agents Coastal Upwelling Summer cooling Plankton Bloom Elevated Chlorophylls Nutrients Stormwater Runoff Pipes and swashes discharge on beach Off-shore discharge pipes Raw Sewage Spill in NMB July 13: few hundred gallons July 21: 5000 gallons

Is this a one-time event? Should we be worried?

Future Frequency of Hypoxia Frequency of Upwelling Global Climate Change Stormwater Runoff Global Climate Change Increase in population & impervious cover

Potential Impacts Hard Bottom Communities Fisheries Overfishing Harmful Algal Blooms

< 0.5 m sediment cover Potential Hard Bottom Habitat

3 m Typical 4 s waves along Grand Strand constrain wind mixing to upper 3 m (Gayes, pers. comm.) Hard Bottoms start

Potential Impacts Hard Bottom Communities Fisheries Overfishing Harmful Algal Blooms

Needs Monitoring Define normal for Nearshore Waters Now using estuarine criteria How much of these events are natural Translate this into management guidelines Reduction of nonpoint loads

Acknowledgments Bob Van Dolah, Mel Bell, George Reikerk, Dean Cain, SC DNR Denise Sanger, SC DHEC OCRM Alan Lewitus, South Carolina Algal Ecology Laboratory Bob Pender, Ryan Day, Burroughs and Chapin Center for Marine and Wetland Studies