Ferrofluids. Ferrofluids: Magnetic Liquids Liquid That Responds to a Magnetic Field = Colloidal Suspension of Superparamagnetic Magnetic Material.

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Presentation transcript:

Ferrofluids

Ferrofluids: Magnetic Liquids Liquid That Responds to a Magnetic Field = Colloidal Suspension of Superparamagnetic Magnetic Material

Berger, P.; Adelman, N. B.; Beckman, K. J.; Campbell, D. J.; Ellis, A. B.; Lisensky, G. C. Journal of Chemical Education 1999, 76, How Does A Magnetic Liquid Work? Electrostatic Repulsion 2FeCl 3 + FeCl 2 + 8NH 3 + 4H 2 O → Fe 3 O 4 + 8NH 4 Cl Tetramethylammonium Cation (NH 4 + ) Hydroxide Anion (OH - ) ~ 10nm

Synthesis of Magnetite Nanocrystals FeCl 3 + 3NH 4 OH → FeO(OH) + 3NH 4 Cl + H 2 O 2FeO(OH) + Fe(OH) 2 → Fe 3 O 4 + 2H 2 O Processes: 1) Nucleation 2) Growth 3) Termination → → FeCl 2 + 2NH 4 OH → Fe(OH) 2 + 2NH 4 Cl Fe(III) coordinates to 6 water molecules and Fe(II) coordinates to 4 water molecules (not shown) until the solid forms The water molecules on the periphery of the magnetite are ultimately replaced by tetramethylammonium hydroxide

Unique Properties Stick to Magnets Take on 3-Dimensional Shape of a Magnetic Field Change Density in Proportion to Magnetic Field Strength

Applications Inks money Biomedical attach drugs to magnetic particles, proposed artificial heart Damping speakers, graphic plotters, instrument gauges Seals gas lasers, motors, blowers, hard drives Berger, P.; Adelman, N. B.; Beckman, K. J.; Campbell, D. J.; Ellis, A. B.; Lisensky, G. C. Journal of Chemical Education 1999, 76,

Damping: Speakers See how a speaker works at: Rosensweig, R. E. Scientific American 1982, 247,

Damping: Rotating Shafts Ray, K.; Moskowitz, B.; Casciari, R. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 1995, 149, Cross-sectional view of a ferrofluid viscous inertia damper Energy band gap apparatus

Seals Rosensweig, R. E. Scientific American 1982, 247, VacuumAtmosphere Permanent Magnet Ferrofluid Rotating Shaft Magnetically Permeable Material