Electro- magnetic waves in matter. Linear media: velocity: most materials:

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Presentation transcript:

Electro- magnetic waves in matter

Linear media: velocity: most materials:

Reflection, transmission and refraction

Boundary conditions

Normal incidence

Reflection coefficient Transmission coefficient

Lens coating

Oblique incidence

Plane of incidence The incident, reflected and transmitted wave vectors lie in a plane, which also includes the normal to the surface. angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction Law of reflection Law of refraction (Snell’s Law) Willebrord Snell, 1621

Total internal reflection

Binoculars Jewelry

Diamonds

Fiber optics

Near field optical scanning microscope Application of evanescent waves:

Muscle fiber

Intensity and polarization

Fresnel’s Laws TE polarization E of I, R, and T are perpendicular to the plane of incidence (B in) TM polarization E of I, R, and T are in the plane of incidence (B perpendicular)

Intensities

TM polarization Brewster’s angle

1938 Polaroid film

Polarization measurementsCrossed polarizers

Egg nebula

Materials under stress rotate the polarization plane.

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