Bacterial Diseases 4-H Veterinary Science Extension Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M System

Objectives Describe bacterial diseases that affect the skin Describe bacterial diseases that affect the eye Describe bacterial diseases that affect the ear Describe bacterial diseases that affect the reproductive system Describe clostridial diseases

Bacteria Definition Single-celled microorganisms which can exist either as independent (free-living) organisms or as parasites (dependent upon another organism for life) Invade tissues May produce Pus Harmful or poisonous waste

Bacteremia Blood Septicemia Harmful waste products in blood Toxemia Toxins in blood

Occurs Normal incubation period Development of dormant infection Pathogens Primary bacterial disease Secondary bacterial disease Predispositions  Primary infection  Stress  Tissue injuries  Dietary changes

Generalized Conditions Caused by various abnormalities Anemia Encephalitis Hepatitis Pneumonia Nephritis Gastroenteritis

Clostridial diseases Systems affected GI Musculo-skeletal Nervous Spore forming Natural inhabitants Soil Intestinal tracts Affects numerous species

Two Categories Active invasion of tissue with production of toxins Toxemia resulting from absorption of toxins by digestion (enterotoxemias) or ingestion (botulism)

Types SpeciesHostsDiseases Clostridium botulimunAnimals, ManBotulism Clostridium chauvoeiCattleBlackleg Clostridium perfringensSheepEnterotoxemia Clostridium perfringensManGas Gangrene Clostridium tetaniAnimals, ManTetanus

In cattle 7-way Clostridial vaccine  C. chauvoei – blackleg  C. septicum – malignant edema  C. novyi – black disease (neck, liver, gut)  C. sordellii – gas gangrene  C. perfringens Types B, C and D – enterotoxemia

Skin Dermatitis Description Inflammation of the skin Causes Bacteria Arthropods Fungi Allergens Common sign Pruritus (itching) Skin lesions  Reddening/thickening of skin  Bumps  Blisters  Crusts or scales

Pyoderma Description Skin condition with the presence of purulent exudate (pus) Superficial or deep pustules Associated with Skin allergies  “Hot spots” Mange conditions Observe Warm, humid weather

Eye Keratoconjunctivitis Description Inflammation of the eyeball’s surface (cornea) and the eyelid’s lining (conjunctiva) Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva With/without keratitis Symptoms  Reddening of eyelids  Rubbing

Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea Symptoms Opaque or cloudy cornea Possibly ulcers Sensitive to sunlight Mucopurulent (mucus with pus) tears Crusty matter around eyes Ulcers diagnosed with flourescent dye Common name Pink eye

Ear Otitis externa Description Infection of the external ear canal Characterization Inflammation of epithelium Reddening Itching Drainage Symptoms Scratching or rubbing

Affects primarily dogs and cats Predispositions Small external ear canal opening Excessive hair Flopped ears Warm, humid weather

Respiratory System Rhinitis Description Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal passages Acute or chronic Symptoms Nasal discharge Open-mouth breathing Sneezing

Sinusitis Description Inflammation of the sinuses Acute or chronic Symptoms Nasal discharge Open-mouth breathing Sneezing

Pneumonia Description Bacterial infection in the lung tissue and air passages causing acute or chronic inflammation Symptoms Deep cough Difficulty breathing Bacteria complicate viral pneumonia

Diseases Cattle and swine  Pasteurellosis Cats  Pneumonitis

Tonsillitis Description Inflammation of the tonsils Common in dogs Symptoms Gagging Retching Soft coughing Expulsion of mucus

Digestive System Gastroenteritis Description Inflammation of the stomach and intestines Many types of bacteria Symptoms Excessive salivation Vomiting Diarrhea Straining Abdominal pain Hemorrhages  Blood in diarrhea

Diseases Salmonellosis Enterotoxemia Colibacillosis

Reproductive System Metritis Description Inflammation of the uterus Postpartum disorder May cause Abortions Retained placentas Symptoms Purulent, foul-smelling vaginal discharge Persistent metritis Infertility Diseases Contagious equine metritis

Abortion Description Premature birth of a fetus by pregnant females Early termination of pregnancy due to bacterial infection Diseases Brucellosis Leptospirosis Campylobacteriosis Trich Neospora Aborted Fetus

Termination Bacteria attack  Embryo/fetus  Placenta  Uterus Transmission Ingestion Inhalation Venereal

Mastitis Description Inflammatory process involving the mammary glands or udder tissue during lactation Occurrences Infected nipple Blood Penetrating wounds Symptoms Udder  Swollen  Warm  Painful Milk  Hemorrhagic  Purulent