1 Accessibility CSSE 376, Software Quality Assurance Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology April 16, 2007

2 Acknowledgements  W3C Web Accessibility Initiative

3 Example Disabilities (1/2)  Visual Blindness Low vision Color blindness  Hearing Deafness Hard of hearing  Physical disabilities Motor disabilities

4 Example Disabilities (2/2)  Speech disabilities  Cognitive and neurological disabilities Dyslexia Attention Deficit Disorder Intellectual impairments Memory impairments Mental health disabilities Seizure disorders  Multiple disabilities

5 Assistive Technologies  Alternative keyboards or switches  Braille and refreshable Braille  Scanning software  Screen magnifiers  Screen readers  Speech recognition  Tabbing through structural elements  Text browsers  Voice browsers

6 Example Scenarios  Online shopper with color blindness  Reporter with repetitive stress injury  Deaf student  Blind accountant  Dyslexic student with ADD  Retiree with aging conditions  Cognitive disability  Deaf-blindness

7 Accessibility Guidelines (1/3) 1. Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content. 2. Don't rely on color alone. 3. Use markup and style sheets and do so properly. 4. Clarify natural language usage. 5. Create tables that transform gracefully.

8 Accessibility Guidelines (2/3) 6. Ensure that pages featuring new technologies transform gracefully. 7. Ensure user control of time-sensitive content changes. 8. Ensure direct accessibility of embedded user interfaces. 9. Design for device-independence. 10. Use interim solutions.

9 Accessibility Guidelines (3/3) 11. Use W3C technologies and guidelines. 12. Provide context and orientation information. 13. Provide clear navigation mechanisms. 14. Ensure that documents are clear and simple.