Economic impacts of the nostalgic tourism on a community with migration to the United States. Nydia Delhí Mata Sánchez, Rafael G. Reyes Morales, Alicia Sylvia Gijón-Cruz, Andrés C. Cruz Contreras y Salvador López Platas.

Introduction Nostalgic tourism refers to the circular migration flow from host communities. Looks at the direct and indirect impacts of migrants spending patterns on the local economic and social activities. Therefore, it also considers the characteristics of the demand for tourist services and in turn what local communities are able to provide. Saint Francisco de Asís

Methodology Survey of nostalgic tourism (2006): The purpose was to analyze the economic impact of nostalgic tourism, the structure of how a tourist spent his or her money, the amount of time the individual spent in the community and the demand for services. Census of migrants: was carried during the months of January and February of 2005 to obtain specific information about characteristics of migration.

Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) : In this project we use the 2004 SAM of San Francisco Cajonos which was adapted to analyze to nostalgic tourism. Calculation of economic impacts: The SAM provided the information to estimate the economic impacts in local productive activities by means of models of multiplication.

Characteristics of the nostalgic tourism The period of time that a visitor stays in San Francisco Cajonos annually varies between 15 and 20 days. The flow of nostalgic tourism peaks during specific seasons of the year that coincide with vacation periods and religious festivities. Source: Encuesta “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO. Period of time San Francisco Cajonos, Oax.

Origin of the nostalgic tourism Source: Survey “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO. Type of Visitor (Percentage) Origin of VisitorPercentage National (86.5%) Oaxaca City48.6 Other parts of the State of Oaxaca10.8 Other states in Mexico8.1 Mexico City16.2 International (13.5%) Los Angeles (Metropolitan area)5.4 Surrounding towns of L.A. and cities of California (Sacramento, Tracy, Van Nuys y Rosemead) 10.8 Total100.0

Lodging used by the nostalgic tourism HousingPercentage With Family Members37.8 With Their Parents27.0 In Their Own Home27.0 They don’t stay in San Francisco Cajonos because they are from neighboring communities. 5.4 With Friends2.7 Total100.0 Source: Encuesta “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.

The Most Important Festivals that influence migration flows of Nostalgic Tourism Source: Survey “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.

Motivations Reason for VisitFrequencyPercentage To visit family To attend village festivals513.5 To relax To preserve their customs, traditions and cultural identity To do business12.7 Total Source: Encuesta “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.

Demand for services San Francisco Cajonos has the following services for visitors: » 2 Restaurants » 2 Public Telephones » 4 Convenience Store Tourist attractions: »Community Museum »Graphic art workshop » Archaeological Zone »Natural areas ideal for Ecotourism »Local religious holidays and holidays celebrating zapoteco culture Community MuseumTraditional dances Natural areas: La Mesa

Evaluation of the demand potential of the nostalgic tourism, San Francisco Cajonos. Source: Survey “Turismo nostálgico” aplicada en San Francisco Cajonos, 2006, ITO.

Nostalgic Tourism in San Francisco Cajonos

Results of the Social Accounting Matrix

Economic Structure from San Francisco Cajonos, Oax. 2004

Results of the multiplier model San Francisco Cajonos, 2006.

INJECTION OF MONETARY CONTRIBUITION OF NOSTALGIC TOURISM TO THE LOCAL ECONOMY. SAN FRANCISCO CAJONOS, Source: “Etnodemografía. Migración y Comunidad Transterritorial en San Francisco Cajonos, Oaxaca, 2005”. Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, The Rockefeller Foundation, Red Internacional de Migración y Desarrollo.

Conclusions of the nostalgic tourism The reasons why nostalgic tourists are motivated to return to their communities of origin are: The desire to visit to relatives, and to rest and to attend community festivals (89.1%). The lodging does not represent a problem for the visitors because almost all of them are guaranteed lodging with their nuclear family, with other relatives or with friends (94.5%). The majority of the flow of visitors come from areas within Mexico (86.5%), and the remainder coming from the United States (13.5%). The average annual stopover is 17.4 days over the state average of 1.84 days, and the national one of 1.71 days; which presents a coefficient variation of 113.9%.

The economic impact of nostalgic tourism profoundly impacts the economic activities, particularly backyard animal husbandry, commerce and basic services. Nostalgic tourism has a limited impact on local development because the liquidity provided by the productive activities is directed towards regional markets. The economic growth induced by the economic impact of nostalgic tourism causes dependency with outside markets because there is an increased demand for imported goods and services. This is a characteristic of rural economies such as San Francisco Cajonos that lack communal banks or microfinance institutions to ensure that remittances are recycled locally in the form of loans.