Physical vs. Chemical Properties and Change.

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Presentation transcript:

Physical vs. Chemical Properties and Change

Physical Properties Properties that can be observed or specified without changing substance into another. Color Odor Taste Size Density Physical State BP and MP

Physical Changes Changes in which no new substance is formed Changes of state Melting Boiling Freezing Condensation Sublimation Sharpening a pencil

Physical Changes (cont) Taking a bite of food Slicing an onion Breaking of glass Etc.

Evaporation Some molecules have enough energy to escape the surface Opposite of condensation In equilibrium in closed system In open system will eventually all evaporate because of diffusion in air. Makes smells possible No odor without evaporation Molecules must be at least slightly soluble in water

Boiling As temperature of liquid increases: Vapor pressure of liquid increases (more molecules have enough energy to escape) So liquid evaporates faster When vapor pressure reaches atmospheric pressure: Liquid boils (bubbles form in the liquid and escape) Boiling is a cooling process. How?

Boiling (cont) Why is boiling point constant? So you don’t cook things faster by boiling faster. Only constant at constant atmospheric pressure. For same reason, melting point is constant mp doesn’t depend on pressure, why? Why is boiling with a microwave strange?

Chemical Properties Properties exhibited under changes in composition They describe how a substance can change into other substances Iron rusts Baking soda decomposes with heat Flammability or non-flammability Wax burns, water doesn’t

Chemical Change A change in which a new substance or substances are formed. Also called a chemical reaction Rusting of iron Digesting food Burning gasoline or anything Detonating dynamite Souring of milk

Uses of Chemical and Physical Properties To separate substances To identify substances To distinguish between substances To predict usefulness of new substances

Melting vs. Dissolving Melting is a change of state involving heat but not a solvent. Dissolving is a physical change also, but involves a solvent and not necessarily heat

H4 – C2 2 - 5, 8, 12, 14, 36, 39 - 41, 54, 61