The Global Heat Budget Air-sea exchanges of heat (& freshwater) create deep water masses & drive the conveyor belt Heat source into the ocean is solar.

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Presentation transcript:

The Global Heat Budget Air-sea exchanges of heat (& freshwater) create deep water masses & drive the conveyor belt Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar Ocean circulation moves heat (advection)

Solar Radiation

The Heat Budget Total heat flux (Q t ) = Solar radiation (Q s ) - Latent heat loss (Q e ) - Conductive heat loss (Q h ) - Longwave radiation (Q b ) Q t = Q s - Q e - Q h - Q b

Heat Loss Terms Latent heat flux (Q e ) – Energy required to evaporate water – Most important in tropics & midlatitudes Conductive (or sensible) heat flux (Q h ) – Loss to turbulent exchange with atmosphere –Typically small Longwave radiation (Q b ) – Net thermal IR emission from ocean

Global Heat Budget

Net Solar Radiation Typical Jan Tropics 200 W/m 2 Mid-latitudes 100 W/m 2 High-latitude ~10 W/m 2

Latent Heat Loss Typical Jan Tropics 120 W/m 2 Mid-latitudes 100 W/m 2 High-latitude ~20 W/m 2

Conductive Heat Loss Typical Jan Tropics 0-10 W/m 2 Mid-latitudes 0-40 W/m 2 High-latitude 0-30 W/m 2

Net Longwave Radiation Typical Jan Tropics W/m 2 Mid-latitudes W/m 2 High-latitude W/m 2

Total Heat Flux Typical Jan Cool NH Heat - SH WBC’s -200 W/m 2 SH Subtropics 70 W/m 2 NH Subtropics > -80 W/m 2

Total Heat Flux Typical July Heat NH Cool SH NH Subtropics 100 W/m 2 SH Subtropics -40 W/m 2

Global Heat Budget

Global Heat Transport

10 15 W = 1 Petawatt

Hydrographic Inverse Models WOCE hydrographic sections are used to estimate global circulation & material transport Mass, heat, salt & other properties are conserved Air-sea exchanges & removal processes are considered Provides estimates of basin scale circulation, heat & freshwater transports

Global Heat Transport

The Global Heat Budget Heat source into the ocean is solar radiation There are several heat loss terms latent, conduction, longwave radiation, reflected solar Ocean circulation moves heat (advection) Large scale heat budget can be closed by analyzing hydrographic sections