Industrial relations Jackie MORIN European Commission

Increase in EU Population during past enlargements From 6 to 27 members and beyond

Potential further enlargements

Averages for the diverse EU enlargements EU EU EU EU EU Union density (%) Union centralisation (0-1) Sectoral bargaining (0-2) Bargaining coverage (%) Wage coordination (1-5) Works councils (0-2) Consultation (0-2) Social pacts (% MS with pacts)

The Europeanisation of industrial relations

Social Agenda

Social realities – Facts EU per capita € million new jobs in the last two years. An increase in productivity growth for the first time in 10 years. Unemployment the lowest in 25 years. Unemployment among 25 to 64-year-olds just 4.7%, compared with 11.2% for those with only a lower secondary education. Millions of vacancies in Europe are unfilled because there are not enough people with the right skills to fill them. New workforce and skills from EU12

Social realities - Challenges 78 million people at risk and 8% working poor Unequal access to schooling, training, health care, housing, quality jobs 40% of all contracts “a-typical” and this concerns most jobs created since 2000 especially for young people, women and/or migrants Limited mobility

MS’ policies towards workers from NMS Restrictions Free access EU 10

Resident foreign nationals from EU10 (% of total population)

A contrasted reality Median age of the EU will increase between 2004 and 2050 from 39 to 49 Old-age dependency ratio, will rise from 25% presently up to 53% in 2050 Dürers mother Sophia Loren with 63 years with 63 years

Perception & citizens concerns Focus on personal well being (health, family, friends), less on collective interest (helping others, religion, politics) Future concerns: unemployment, environment, education, pensions People’s lives in 20 years’ time? Worse according to 49% EU respondents (38% better)

The EU in the world Population in millions, 2005 GDP in millions of euro, 2005

Médailles d’Or 2008

European Social Policy European Social Funds Legislation Mobility Gender equality Working conditions Health and Safety Open Method of Coordination Employment Social protection European Social Dialogue Social Agenda European Commission

New Social Agenda Directives European Works Council Principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation Maritime Labour Convention Application of patients' rights in cross-border healthcare Communications Non-discrimination and equal opportunities Solidarity in the face of change: The European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) in 2007 Improving competences for the 21st Century Working documents The role of transnational company agreements Restructuring and Employment Report on the implementation of the European social partners' Framework Agreement on Telework First biennial report on the situation of social services of general interest in the EU

European action on IR

ART 138 of the Treaty The Commission has a responsibility to promote consultation of the social partners at community level and to take every useful measure to facilitate their dialogue, taking care to ensure a balanced support of both sides. The Commission consults social partners first Social partners can engage into a dialogue ART 138 of the Treaty The Commission has a responsibility to promote consultation of the social partners at community level and to take every useful measure to facilitate their dialogue, taking care to ensure a balanced support of both sides. The Commission consults social partners first Social partners can engage into a dialogue ART 139 of the Treaty The Community level dialogue between the social partners can lead, if they wish it, to contractual relations, including agreements. The implementation can be made either by an EU instrument or through national channels ART 139 of the Treaty The Community level dialogue between the social partners can lead, if they wish it, to contractual relations, including agreements. The implementation can be made either by an EU instrument or through national channels New Article 152 The Union recognises and promotes the role of the social partners at its level, taking into account the diversity of national systems. It shall facilitate dialogue between the social partners, respecting their autonomy. The Tripartite Social Summit for Growth and Employment shall contribute to social dialogue. New Article 152 The Union recognises and promotes the role of the social partners at its level, taking into account the diversity of national systems. It shall facilitate dialogue between the social partners, respecting their autonomy. The Tripartite Social Summit for Growth and Employment shall contribute to social dialogue. Role and importance of social dialogue at EU level

What forms does the European Social Dialogue take? “Val Duchesse” Social Dialogue Sectoral social dialogue committees TRIPARTITE BIPARTITE Transnational agreements Tripartite Social Summit Macroeconomic dialogue Dialogue on education Dialogue on employment Cross industrySectoralCompany Autonomous European Commission High level groups

The different roles of the social partners Member StatesEU I. Veto powera. lobbyingPressure of main employers organisation VNO-NCW to change existing EPL in NL ETUC campaign to change draft Service Directive b. social pactsfor example in IE, SI or FI 2. Collective bargaining (and as a weaker form: joint guidelines / benchmarking) a. autonomousDanish collective agreements, including “social plans” and EPL elements; Dutch collective agreements over flexicurity and agency work Framework Agreements on Telework; Work-Related Stress; Violence and Sexual harassment b. sponsored2003 Agreement on Vocational Training and Individual Training Rights in FR Framework Agreements on Parental Leave, Part-time and Fixed-Term c. dependentBelgian biennial agreements since 1997; national agreements to implement the EU Framework Agreement on Telework (Union Guidelines for coordinated bargaining agenda’s in context of EMU) 3. Implementationa. co-managementSwedish Labour Market Board b. adviseConsultation over setting of minimum wages in most Member States Social Partner advisory role in EU social security coordination for migrants

Since 1999 – Forum for synchronizing wage policy with monetary policy Macro-economic dialogue Counci l EBC COM ETU C BE

Since 2003 – Lisbon Strategy Tripartite social Summit Presidency COM ETU C BE CEC Euroca dres CEC Euroca dres UEAPM E CEEP Sectors

Since 1985 – Val Duchesse Bipartite dialogue Unions Empl

SSDC – Quantitative evolution Gas Catering Shipbuilding Local government Audiovisual Chemical industry Hospitals Steel Football

Sea transport Road transport Civil aviation Inland navigation Railways Electricity Gas Personal services Cleaning industry Private security Live performance Audiovisual Textile/clothing Tanning/leather Footwear Telecommunications Postal services Agriculture Extractive Industry Sea fishing Sea Ports Horeca Catering Commerce Banking Insurance Construction Chemical Woodworking Furniture Sugar Temporary agency work 36 Sectoral SD Committees Steel Shipbuilding Automobile Non ferrous metal Metal sector Sport Football Professional cycling Hospitals Local government Central administration Education

Main issues at sectoral level Inland waterways Negotiation on Working time Inland waterways Negotiation on Working time Hairdressers Discussion on Skills certificate Hairdressers Discussion on Skills certificate Steel Joint position on Climate change Steel Joint position on Climate change Hospitals Needle stick injuries Hospitals Needle stick injuries Chemical Industry Emission trading Regim FIA’s Chemical Industry Emission trading Regim FIA’s Tanning Agreement on social reporting Tanning Agreement on social reporting Multi sectoral 1/3 parties violence Public procurements Mobility passports Multi sectoral 1/3 parties violence Public procurements Mobility passports Agriculture Agripass / Mobility Agriculture Agripass / Mobility

4 Agreements establishing minimum standards implemented by Council decision European agreement on the organisation of working time of seafarers, 1998 European agreement on the organisation of working time of mobile workers in civil aviation, 2000 Agreement on certain aspects of the working conditions of mobile workers assigned to interoperable cross-border services, 2005 Agreement on the maritime labour convention, 2008 European Commission

2 Autonomous Agreements establishing minimum standards implemented by the procedures and practices specific to management and labour and the Member States Agreement on the European licence for drivers carrying out a cross-border interoperability service, 2004 Social Dialogue Agreement on Crystalline Silica, 2006 Implementation reports by the social partners

Main issues at cross-industry level Implementation of previous agreements Stress at work Harassment and violence Implementation of previous agreements Stress at work Harassment and violence Seminars on restructuring Seminars on restructuring Capacity Building programme Capacity Building programme Framework of Action on employment Framework of Action on employment Negotiation 2008 Inclusive labour market (autonomous agreement) Negotiation 2008 Inclusive labour market (autonomous agreement) Negotiation 2008 Revision of Parental Leave Agreement / Directive Negotiation 2008 Revision of Parental Leave Agreement / Directive

3 Agreements establishing minimum standards implemented by Council decision Framework agreement on parental leave, 1995 Framework agreement on part-time work, 1997 Framework agreement on fixed-term work, 1999 Parental leave revision European Commission

3 Autonomous Agreements establishing minimum standards implemented by the procedures and practices specific to management and labour and the Member States Framework agreement on telework, 2002 Agreement on Stress at work, 2004 Harassement and violence at work, 2007 Inclusive Labour Markets Implementation reports by the social partners

Telework First autonomous agreement (July 2002) Reference to Article 139 General framework of rules for telework (equal rights, voluntary character, data protection, privacy, equipment, health and safety, training etc.) Implementation by members of signatory parties (3 year period)

28 June Adoption of the report on the implementation of the agreement Implementation & regular reporting 16 July Signature of the framework agreement on Telework 12 Nov Opening of the negotiations 20 Sept Social partners announced their intention to start negotiations 16 March 2001 – Launch of the 2d phase of consultation 20 June 2000 – Launch of the first phase of consultation by the Commission Consultation phase Negotiation phase Implementation phase July 2008 – Commission working paper on telework Promotion phase The process on telework

Choice of instruments Collective agreements (incl. sectoral – DK) Other agreements (recommendations to lower levels) Guidelines, recommendations Legislation Other No implementation

Variations across the member States Models or clusters of Industrial relations « North » Organised corporatism « Centre » Social partnership « South » State centred « West » Liberal « Transit » Mixed Union density (%) Centralisation Bargaining coverage (%) Employer density Sectoral organisation (0-2) Employee representation Concertation

EU Support tools EU exchanges – link between european and national Levels – Expertise, information, training Budget lines and EU exchanges – link between european and national Levels – Expertise, information, training Budget lines and National capacity reinforcement ESF – Article National capacity reinforcement ESF – Article 5.3

More Information … EUROPA website for social dialogue European Commission