Objectives - Nonrenewable  Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.  Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.  Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.  Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.

Important Nonrenewable Energy Sources Fig p. 350

World Nuclear power 6% Hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind 7% Natural Gas 12% Biomass 11% Oil 32% Coal 21% Evaluating Energy Resources  Renewable vs. nonrenewable  Future availability  Net energy yield  Cost  Environmental effects Fig p. 351

Back to the Future! Year Contribution to total energy consumption (percent) Wood Coal Oil Nuclear Hydrogen Solar Natural gas

Oil  Petroleum (crude v heavy crude)  35% economical (more with higher prices)  Petrochemicals - byproducts  Refining  Transporting – net energy

Oil Supplies  OPEC – 67% global reserves  US – 3% reserves; Uses 26% of production  Supplies declining Oil (million barrels per day) Year HistoryProjections Domestic Supply Consumption  Energy crisis?

How Long Will the Oil Party Last? Saudi Arabia could supply the world with oil for about 10 years. The Alaska’s North Slope could meet the world oil demand for 6 months (U.S.: 3 years). Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would meet the world demand for 1-5 months (U.S.: 7-25 months)

How Long Will the Oil Party Last? We have three options: –Look for more oil. –Use or waste less oil. –Use something else.

Oil Advantages and Disadvantages Low land use Easily transported within and between countries High net energy yield Low cost (with huge subsidies) Ample supply for 42–93 years Advantages Moderate water pollution Releases CO 2 when burned Air pollution when burned Artificially low price encourages waste and discourages search for alternatives Need to find substitute within 50 years Disadvantages Efficient distribu- tion system

Oil Shale and Tar Sand  Oil shale - rock  Low net energy  Tar sand Fig p. 361  Low grade  Large supplies

Natural Gas  50-90% methane  Drilled with oil  Larger supplies  Cleaner Fig p. 362  Synfuel Synfuel

How Would You Vote? Do the advantages of relying on conventional oil as the world’s major energy resource outweigh its disadvantages?

Objectives – Nonrenewable Energy

Objectives - Nonrenewable  Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.  Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.  Describe nonrenewable energy consumption.  Describe the production of energy from oil and natural gas.