Inverse Modeling of Asian CO and NO x emissions Yuxuan Wang M.B. McElroy, T. Wang, and P. I. Palmer 2 nd GEOS-CHEM Users’ Meeting April 5, 2005
2 Nested grid version of GEOS-CHEM 1 x1 4 x5 v
3 TRACE-P Aircraft and Chinese Stations Data Time frame: Jan – Apr., 2001 Hong Kong Lin An
4 A priori Emissions of CO and NO x r Uncertainties: 154% for CO, 27% for NO x Source: Streets et al. [2003]
5 Model Underestimates Aircraft Observations of CO and NO y
6 Model Underestimates Surface Measurements CO NO y Lin An Hong Kong Lin An Hong Kong
7 Tagged Tracer Simulation Assume the model concentration fields are linear combinations of contributions from tagged sources
8 Tagged Tracer Simulation Assume the model concentration fields are linear combinations of contributions from tagged sources
9 NO y Chemistry and Deposition Scheme 1. Model has no bias in simulating contributions of component NO y species to total NO y below 6km no systematic bias in NO y chemistry and relative deposition rate in the model no systematic bias in NO y chemistry and relative deposition rate in the model 2. Linear relationship between NO x emissions and NO y concentrations can thus be adopted. NO x /NO y HNO 3 /NO y PAN/NO y
10 Error specification RRE method for aircraft observations (spatially selected bins) [Palmer et al., 2003] RE = (modeled – observed ) / observed mean of RE due to bias in emissions; std. of RE due to total model error std. of RE due to total model error Values of RRE for the aircraft data: 20% for CO and 30% for NO y RRE method for station data (temporal selected bins) mean of RE due to bias in emissions; std. of RE due to total model error mean of RE due to bias in emissions; std. of RE due to total model error
11 Treatment for the station data 1.average the observed and simulated concentrations of CO and NO y every 2 days (~76 data) 2.Errors: 7% (Feb) ~15% (Apr) for CO and NO y at Lin An; 14% ~ 7% for CO at HK, 47% ~ 24% for NO y at HK
12 Uncertainties are from ensemble simulations
13 ? Uncertainties are from ensemble simulations
14 Microbial Sources of NO x and N 2 O Nitrification: NH 4 + NO 2 - NO 3 - Denitrification: NO 3 - N 2 O N 2 The weight of the evidence suggests that nitrification provides the dominant source of N 2 O. NH 2 OH N 2 O, NO O2O2 O2O2 Low levels of O 2 Aerobic denitr.
15 Survey of Field and Laboratory Studies Yield of N 2 O and NO increases with decreasing levels of O 2 So does the NO / N 2 O ratio
16 N Processed through the Agriculture/Animal/Human Food Chain 226 Data from FAO
17 N Processed through the Agriculture/Animal/Human Food Chain 226 TgN/yr * 2% = 4.4 TgN-N 2 O /yr NO x /N 2 O = 3 or 6% yield for NO x Central China: 30% of Chinese N 0.9 TgN-NO x /yr
18 Biomass burning sources are excluded
19 Future Work 1.Reconcile our results with previous top- down estimates of NO x emissions (e.g., GOME NO 2 column) 2.Seasonality of biological sources (relative abundance of NO 2 - and O 2 ) 3.Impact of biological sources of NO x on ozone and OH 4.3-D modeling of N 2 O