Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University-Gaza MB M ICRO B IOLOGY Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. D Microbiology 2008 Chapter 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

2008 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones No organelles Peptidoglycan cell walls Binary fission

2008 Proteobacteria Mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes Gram- negative Domain Bacteria

2008 Human pathogens: Bartonella B. henselaCat-scratch disease BrucellaBrucellosis The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

2008 Obligate intracellular parasites: Ehrlichia. Tick-borne, ehrlichiosis Rickettsia. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers R. prowazekiiEpidemic typhus R. typhiEndemic murine typhus R. rickettsiiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

2008 The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1

2008 Wolbachia. Live in insects and other animals The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

2008 Have prosthecae: Caulobacter. Stalked bacteria found in lakes Hyphomicrobium. Budding bacteria found in lakes The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.2 & 3

2008 Plant pathogen: Agrobacterium. Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 9.17

2008 Chemoautotrophic: Oxidize nitrogen for energy Fix CO 2 Nitrobacter. NH 3 +  NO 2 – Nitrosomonas. NO 2 –  NO 3 – The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

2008 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Azospirillum Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants Fix nitrogen Rhizobium Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 27.5

2008 Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol: Acetobacter Gluconobacter The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

2008 The  (beta) Proteobacteria

2008 Thiobacillus Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur: H 2 S  SO 4 2– Sphaerotilus Chemoheterotophic, form sheaths The  (beta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.5

2008 Neisseria Chemoheterotrophic, cocci N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae Spirillum Chemoheterotrophic, helical The  (beta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.4 & 6

2008 Bordetella Chemoheterotrophic, rods B. pertussis Burkholderia. Nosocomial infections Zoogloea. Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment processes The  (beta) Proteobacteria

2008 The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

2008 Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas Opportunistic pathogens Metabolically diverse Polar flagella Azotobacter and Azomonas.Nitrogen fixing Moraxella.Conjunctivitis The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.7

2008 Legionellales: Legionella Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers L. pneumophilia Coxiella Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 24.15b

2008 Vibrionales: Found in coastal water Vibrio cholerae causes cholera V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.8

2008 The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Enterobacteriales (enterics): Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic Enterobacter Erwinia Escherichia Klebsiella Proteus Salmonella Serratia Shigella Yersinia The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

2008 The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.9a, b

2008 Pasteurellales: Pasteurella Cause pneumonia and septicemia Haemophilus Require X (heme) and V (NAD +, NADP + ) factors The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

2008 Beggiatoa Chemoautotrophic, oxidize H 2 S to S 0 for energy Francisella Chemoheterotrophic, tularemia The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

2008 The  (delta) Proteobacteria

2008 Bdellovibrio. Prey on other bacteria Desulfovibrionales. Use S instead of O 2 as final electron acceptor Myxococcales. Gliding. Cells aggregate to form myxospores The  (delta) Proteobacteria

2008 The  (delta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.10a

2008 The  (delta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1b

2008 The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria

2008 Campylobacter One polar flagellum Gastroenteritis The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1a

2008 Helicobacter Multiple flagella Peptic ulcers Stomach cancer The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1b

2008 The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria

2008 Oxygenic photosynthesis Gliding motility Fix nitrogen Cyanobacteria

2008 Cyanobacteria Figure 11.12a-c

2008 Anoxygenic photosynthesis Purple and green sulfur bacteria Purple and Green Photosynthetic Bacteria 2H 2 O + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + O 2 2H 2 S + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + 2S 0

2008 C. trachomatis Trachoma STD, urethritis C. pneumoniae C. psittaci Causes psittacosis Chlamydiae

2008 In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5 Figure 11.22a

2008 In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5 Figure 11.22b

2008 Borrelia Leptospira Treponema Spirochaetes Figure 11.23

2008 Anaerobic Bacteroides. In mouth and large intestine Cytophaga. Cellulose-degrading in soil Bacteroidetes

2008 Fusobacterium Found in mouth May be involved in dental diseases Fusobacteria Figure 11.24

2008 Low G + C Gram-positive Firmicutes

2008 Clostridium Endospore- producing Obligate anaerobes Epulopiscium Clostridiales Figure & 15

2008 Bacillus Endospore-producing rods Bacillales Figure 11.16b

2008 Staphylococcus Cocci Bacillales Figure 1.17