© T. M. Whitmore Today Population distribution and the evolution of the USA urban system Some spatial patterns by race/ethnicity
© T. M. Whitmore Last Time -- QUESTIONS? NA immigration & settlement
© T. M. Whitmore Population distribution & evolution of USA urban system Stage I: pre-industrial (18 th C – 1860s) Population/immigration Population/immigration Migration/resettlement Migration/resettlement Urban regions Urban regions Urban land uses & morphology Urban land uses & morphology
© T. M. Whitmore Note these “periods” are slightly different from text
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore
Population distribution & evolution of USA urban system II Stage II: industrial revolution (1860s – 1930s) Population/immigration Population/immigration Migration/resettlement Migration/resettlement Urban regions & increased urbanization Urban regions Urban land uses & morphology Urban land uses & morphology
© T. M. Whitmore Note these “periods” are slightly different from text
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore Stage 2: 1860s-1930s Industrial Revolution
US Global Change Research Program
© T. M. Whitmore Stage 2: 1860s-1930s Industrial Revolution
© T. M. Whitmore Population distribution & evolution of USA urban system III Stage III: rise of the car (1930s – 1950s) Population/immigration Population/immigration Migration/resettlement Migration/resettlement Urban regions & urbanization Urban regions Urban land uses & morphology Urban land uses & morphology
© T. M. Whitmore Note these “periods” are slightly different from text
© T. M. Whitmore
© T. M. Whitmore Stage 3: 1930s-1950s Rise of the Auto
The North American Megalopolis : - Home to ~45 million - Includes Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington DC and many smaller cities. - Why here?: access to Europe, deep harbors, and agricultural and mineral resources inland
US Global Change Research Program
© T. M. Whitmore Stage 3: 1930s-1950s Rise of the Auto
© T. M. Whitmore Population distribution & evolution of USA urban system IV Stage IV: Post-industrial (1950s –) Population/immigration Population/immigration Migration/resettlement Migration/resettlement Urban regions Urban regions Urban land uses & morphology Urban land uses & morphology
Note these “periods” are slightly different from text
© T. M. Whitmore
US Global Change Research Program
© T. M. Whitmore 270 m
© T. M. Whitmore US Global Change Research Program Density: note higher densities in older northern metro areas Growth: note declines in northern metro areas and increases in southern metro areas and the southwest
Growth of the Sunbelt
© T. M. Whitmore 270 m
Photo by B. Burkhart
© T. M. Whitmore Changing national population distribution distribution Current immigration originsorigins Spatial patterns of recent immigrationpatterns Ethnicity & Race
© T. M. Whitmore
38 million foreign-born persons live in the US, 13% of the US population. US
Immigration rates to the US,
~9 million undocumented immigrants lived in the United States in 2000, 55% of whom were from Mexico. Illegal immigration has both positive or neutral impacts overall on the US economy. Negative impacts are most likely for the US-born poor.
Source: Population Reference Bureau analysis of the 2003 American Community Survey. Percent Foreign-Born by State, 2003
Whites will become a minority in the US in this century. US Total Fertility Rate: 2.09 US Population Growth Rate: 0.894%
© T. M. Whitmore
Urban racial segregation is ubiquitous in the US.
© T. M. Whitmore Poverty Share of Total Household Income (1998 Dollars) 1973 Lowest fifth: 4.3% Highest fifth: 43.3% 2000 Lowest fifth – declining: 3.6% Highest fifth – increasing: 49.6% (nearly 1/2 of all income to top 20%) Spatial patterns of poverty
© T. M. Whitmore