Freight and Transportation Planning Workshop- Executive Summary Presented by the Federal Highway Administration Date Location

Federal Highway Administration 2 Workshop Outcomes  Better understanding of the modes and stakeholders involved in freight transportation  Better understanding of the trends affecting freight transportation and its impacts on your transportation system and communities  Better understanding of the common issues that prevent freight from being fully incorporated in the planning process  Resource packet to help guide freight planning efforts Data and funding sources Examples of successful programs and initiatives Links to other organizations

Federal Highway Administration 3 How Does Freight Transportation Differ from Passenger Transportation? Passenger Movements  Movements often begin and end within the same jurisdiction  Trip generation and attractions well understood and predicted  Plenty of publicly available data  Issues better understood by decision-makers and general public  Less infrastructure impact  Less intermodal in nature Freight Movements  Complex chain of interregional or international trips  Sensitive to market forces; difficult to forecast demand  Few sources of publicly available data  Private sector industry not always well understood  Heavier vehicles have greater infrastructure impacts  More intermodal

Federal Highway Administration 4 Who are Freight Stakeholders?  Public Sector Federal, state, local transportation planning agencies Economic development and trade organizations Federal, state, local law enforcement  Private Sector Shippers and receivers of freight (businesses) Freight transportation service and logistics providers Owners and operators of freight facilities Neighborhoods and communities affected by freight transportation The general public

Federal Highway Administration 5 Public Sector (States, MPOs, local agencies) Private Sector (Shippers, Carriers) Global National Regional Local Stakeholder Perspectives State, MPO, Local Agency Focus is Regional and Local; Private Sector Focus is Increasingly National and Global

Federal Highway Administration 6 Importance of Freight Planning Transportation Investments Lead to Increased Productivity  Florida Freight transportation investments generate a 35 percent annual rate of return in terms of GSP growth  Maryland Highway improvements responsible for 10 percent of state’s productivity growth  Wisconsin Every $1 of highway investment leads to $2 of benefits to passengers; $1 of benefits to freight movements Sources: Florida DOT Macroeconomics Study, 2002; Transportation Improvements Grow Wisconsin’s Economy, 2003.

Federal Highway Administration 7 Importance of Freight Planning Efficient Freight Transportation System Attracts New Businesses  88 percent of all new and expanded manufacturing facilities in Wisconsin chose to locate within 5 miles of key highways

Federal Highway Administration 8 Modes of Freight Transportation

Federal Highway Administration 9 Modes of Freight Transportation Freight Service Spectrum Fastest, most reliable, most visible Lowest weight, highest value, most time-sensitive cargo Slower, less reliable, less visible Highest weight, lowest value, least time-sensitive cargo Fast, reliable, visible Range of weight and value $1 - $10,000/lb. 3-10¢/lb. 1/2-1¢/lb. Higher Service Cost Continuum Lower Air Truck Rail Water Pipeline

Federal Highway Administration 10 Freight Transportation System

Federal Highway Administration 11 Freight Movements 14 Billion Tons Valued at $11 Trillion in ,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 Rail 16% Rail 28% Truck 78% Truck 60% Truck 88% Rail 6% Millions of Tons Billions of Ton-Miles Billions of Dollars Air 5% Water 6% Water 12% Water 1%

Federal Highway Administration 12 Freight Trends Anticipated Growth in Freight Traffic Freight Tons (in Billions) DomesticImport/Export Source: FHWA Freight Analysis Framework.

Federal Highway Administration 13 Freight Growth Impacts Highway Congestion Impacts, 1998 Source: CSI based on FHWA Freight Analysis Framework Project and HPMS data

Federal Highway Administration 14 Source: CSI based on FHWA Freight Analysis Framework Project and HPMS data Freight Growth Impacts Highway Congestion Impacts, 2020

Federal Highway Administration 15 Freight Growth Impacts Other Impacts  Transportation system impacts Intermodal access and capacity further strained Congestion reduces mobility for people and goods  Economic impacts Congestion and delays lead to increasing costs for shippers and carriers  Community impacts Increased truck idling and grade crossing delays lead to worsening air pollution

Federal Highway Administration 16 Freight Trends Increased Emphasis on Security  Post-September 11 cargo inspections more frequent and intensive, particularly for international shipments  Increasing reliance on pre-clearance of known shippers and closer scrutiny of chains of custody  Increasing use of ITS and other technologies to verify cargo, vehicle, driver

Federal Highway Administration 17 Freight Trends Many Agencies Involved in Freight Security Transportation Agencies  Transportation Security Administration  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration  State DOTs  State Registries of Motor Vehicles Law Enforcement Agencies  U.S. Customs  INS  Border Patrol  DEA  FBI  U.S. Marshals  USDA  ATF  Coast Guard

Federal Highway Administration 18 Security Impacts  Increased delay at border crossings and other gateways and along major trade corridors  Uncertainty as to appropriate state and MPO role in addressing freight security  Greater degree of coordination with law enforcement agencies  Limited funding available for freight security efforts

Federal Highway Administration 19 Freight Trends Environmental Accountability  Construction and expansion of freight facilities more politically and socially challenging  Intermodal access often occurs through residential neighborhoods and town centers

Federal Highway Administration 20 Freight Trends Environmental Accountability  Trucks account for over 50 percent of all NOx and Particulate Matter (PM-10) emissions  Truck accident rates do not differ significantly from passenger car accidents, but have greater impacts  Nearly 70 percent of transportation-related noise caused by truck traffic Fatalities Involving Medium and Heavy Trucks, 2000 Occupants in other vehicles Truck occupants Non-occupants

Federal Highway Administration 21 Environmental Accountability Impacts  Increased sensitivity at all levels of government to the environmental and community impacts of freight movements  Greater emphasis on improving the efficiency of freight operations rather than expanding freight infrastructure

Federal Highway Administration 22 Organization and Staff Resources Inter- and Intra- Agency Coordination Public/Private Input Goals and Objectives Data and Analytical Tools Financial Planning and Funding Identify and Analyze Needs and Deficiencies (current and future) Develop and Evaluate Alternatives Prepare and Adopt Long-Range Plan Project Programming Development and Implementation Freight in the Planning Process General Transportation Planning Process

Federal Highway Administration 23   Freight Goals and Objectives TEA-21 provides little specific guidance as to how or to what extent states and MPOs should consider freight interests Many state DOTs and MPOs only address freight generally in their long-range plans Freight planning at some states and MPOs is reactive rather than proactive   Organization and Staff Resources Many state DOTs are organized modally, leading to fragmented freight planning Limited freight education and training available for technical staff and transportation decision-makers Freight in the Planning Process Challenges

Federal Highway Administration 24   Inter- and Intra-Agency Coordination Intermodal freight improvement projects often involve several federal, state, and local agencies Freight movements often affect multiple MPOs, states, and countries and can require coordinated planning efforts   Private Sector Participation Vastly different planning horizons – – Public sector – “generational” – – Private sector – “quarterly” Many potential private sector participants do not have the staff time or resources to fully commit to the process Freight in the Planning Process Challenges

Federal Highway Administration 25   Freight Data and Analytical Tools Publicly available data often lack industry detail due to privacy concerns Privately-maintained commodity flow data sets often costly and require extensive analysis   Funding Federal funding programs for multimodal and intermodal projects exist, but can be limited Some states and MPOs find it is difficult to justify spending money on projects that are perceived to benefit the private sector freight community Freight in the Planning Process Challenges

Federal Highway Administration 26   Overall Planning and Programming Freight champions sometimes do not exist Freight projects compete with passenger projects for funding Freight specific evaluation criteria often do not exist Freight planning can occur outside the transportation planning process – – Earmarks – – Economic development activities – – Projects on privately owned and operated infrastructure Freight in the Planning Process Challenges

Federal Highway Administration 27 Freight in the Planning Process Factors of Success for Incorporating Freight  Program or project champion High level champions can often raise awareness of importance of freight  Education and outreach efforts To decision-makers and general public who may not realize the importance of integrating freight movements into the transportation planning process Some DOT and MPO professional staff lack knowledge and expertise in freight issues  Intra- and inter-agency coordination Most freight projects involve several agencies – both within and outside of transportation

Federal Highway Administration 28 Freight in the Planning Process Factors of Success for Incorporating Freight  Freight data Good freight planning begins with good freight data Data can come from many different public and private sources  Private sector involvement Private sector can often provide the background and expertise necessary to conduct effective freight planning  Innovative project development and funding methods Freight improvement projects often do not fit neatly within existing funding categories or project development processes

Federal Highway Administration 29 Questions and Discussion