Workshop on New Developments in Rights-based Fisheries Management: Community Fishing Rights Center for Fisheries & Aquaculture Management & Economics University of Southern Denmark – Esbjerg 29 – 30 August 2005

Rebecca Metzner Fishery Analyst Fishery Policy & Planning Division FAO, Rome, Italy Community-based Fisheries Management Successes & Failures

Outline The Topic: CBFM Framework for Analysis Examples Assessment Closing remarks

The Topic: Community-based Fisheries Management

CBFM: Responsibility & Authority Community-based Management Community-centered Co-management Co-management Government-based Management The Topic Authoritarian Management CommunityGovernment

CBFM: Degrees of Participation Collective Management Co-management The Topic Authoritarian Management ParticipatoryNon-participatory

The Framework Analyzing CBFM

Elements of Analysis Purpose / Objectives / Issues Means –path –people Mechanics –rules –regulations –vehicles Outcome(s) The Framework

Analyzing CBFM Purpose / Objectives / Issues Means –path –people Mechanics –rules –regulations –vehicles Outcome(s) The Framework Is it FM? Are there FRs? Is it CB? Do FRs help?

Analyzing CBFM Is it community-based? –Who? –How defined? –How involved? The Framework

Integrating CB & FM Analyzing CBFM Is it fisheries management? –who goes fishing –where and when –for how much –of what fish –how –and why ?

The Framework Analyzing CBFM Are there fishing rights (FR)? –communal or other –formal or informal –historical or new

Examples of CBFM

Some Examples of CBFM Thailand The Gambia The Amazon Uruguay Chile Philippines Laos Fiji Vanuatu Samoa

CBFM Examples Southeast Asia Thailand Philippines Lao PDR

CBFM Examples Thailand: Phang Nga Bay

CBFM Examples Thailand: Phang Nga Bay

Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Is it CB? External inspiration Community action

Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Is there FM? Yes

Analyzing CBFM Phang Nga Bay: Are there FRs? Emerging –not individual –community-based

CBFM Examples Lao PDR

CBFM Examples Lao PDR

CBFM Examples Lao PDR: Kong District 1993 LCFDPP 1997 ECCDSW Voluntary FCZ projects

Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Is it CB? External inspiration Village-based –design –implementation –enforcement

Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Is there FM? Where When What How Why? / Why them?

Analyzing CBFM Kong District: Are there FRs? Implicit Village-based responsibility for FCZs

CBFM Examples Philippines

CBFM Examples Philippines

Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Is it CB? Externally provided model(s) External inspiration Community-based action

Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Is there FM? External rules FM rules increasingly –community-based –implemented –enforced

Analyzing CBFM Philippines: Are there FRs? Empowerment Weak rights

CBFM Examples Oceania: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu

CBFM Examples Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu

Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Is it CB? Yes –Samoa: extension inspired –Fiji, Vanuatu: historical

Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Is there FM? Where How Who

Analyzing CBFM Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu: Are there FRs? Yes –traditional –customary marine tenure

CBFM Examples Latin America

CBFM Examples Chile

Analyzing CBFM Chile: Is it CB? Community-based Co-management

Analyzing CBFM Chile: Is there FM? Who Where When How much What

Analyzing CBFM Chile: Are there FRs? Weak FRs

CBFM Examples Uruguay

Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Is it CB? Collaborative management

Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Is there FM? 4 phases –extremely weak –extreme –controlled –weak

Analyzing CBFM Uruguay: Are there FRs? Briefly

CBFM Examples Brazil

CBFM Examples Brazil Lower Amazon floodplain in the Santarém region Roots –rising conflicts –political changes

Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Is it CB? de facto CB arrangements institutional Co-management –floodplain communities –Fishers’ Unions –Regional Fisheries Councils –IBAMA –international funding agencies –environmental organizations

Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Is there FM? Fishing Accords –Acordos de Pesca –portaria complementar Open Access Regulations

Analyzing CBFM Brazil: Are there FRs? Fishing Accords –Acordos de Pesca –portaria complementar No explicit fishing rights

CBFM Examples Africa

CBFM Examples The Gambia

CBFM Examples The Gambia Objectives: –increase income, consumption, employment, socioeconomic conditions Mechanics: –construction of CFCs –establishment of various management groups

Analyzing CBFM The Gambia: Is it CB? Community Fisheries Centers Fisheries Center Management Committees

Analyzing CBFM The Gambia : Is there FM? Not by the CFCs Not by the FCMCs

Analyzing CBFM The Gambia : Are there FRs? Not in the context of the CFCs or the FCMCs –primarily open access fisheries

Summarizing: Is it CBFM? Is it CBFM? & Are there FRs?

Analyzing CBFM Is it Community-based? FisheryCB? YCMN Thailand√ Lao PDR√√ Philippines√ Samoa√√ Fiji√ Vanuatu√ Chile√√ Uruguay√ Brazil√ The Gambia√√

Analyzing CBFM Is there Fisheries Management? FisheryFM? Y+YN Thailand√ Lao PDR√ Philippines√√ Samoa√√ Fiji√ Vanuatu√ Chile√√ Uruguay√ Brazil√ The Gambia√

Analyzing CBFM Are there Fishing Rights? FisheryFRs? YMN Thailand (√)(√)(√)(√) Lao PDR√ Philippines√ Samoa√√ Fiji√ Vanuatu√ Chile√√ Uruguay√√ Brazil (√)(√)(√)(√)√ The Gambia√

Closing Remarks CB, FM, and FRs

Does CBM Work? It depends.

Closing Remarks CB, FM, and FRs Do FRs help? It depends.

Closing Remarks CB, FM, and FRs How do FRs help? Responsibility assigned Allocation / Sharing clarified Credit / fiscal assets created Compliance encouraged Stewardship inspired

Understanding the developments in rights-based fisheries management of the past and the present...

... so we can do better at Sharing the Fish.